Bitewe n’uko imodoka zigenda zikoresha umugozi zigenda zirushaho gukundwa, kandi hakaba hari kwiyongera gukenewe ko imodoka zoroshye kandi zoroshye gutwara, inganda zikora kamera zizabona udushya twinshi mu kubungabunga amahame agenga umutekano wo mu muhanda.
Muri iki gihe, icyifuzo cy’amakamera y’imodoka mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika cyariyongereye cyane, kandi ibicuruzwa nk’ibi byoherezwa mu mahanga n’Ubushinwa birimo kwiyongera.OsitaraliyaUrugero, reka tukwereke umurongo ngenderwaho wo kohereza kamera z'imodoka ziva mu Bushinwa zijya muri Ositaraliya.
1. Sobanukirwa amakuru y'ibanze n'ibyo ukeneye
Nyamuneka vugana n'ushinzwe gutwara imizigo byuzuye kandi umumenyeshe amakuru yihariye y'ibicuruzwa byawe n'ibyo ukeneye mu gutwara imizigo.Ibi birimo izina ry'igicuruzwa, uburemere, ingano, aderesi y'umutanga ibicuruzwa, amakuru yo guhamagara umutanga ibicuruzwa, na aderesi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi.Muri icyo gihe, niba ufite ibisabwa ku gihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, nyamuneka ubimumenyeshe.
2. Hitamo uburyo bwo kohereza hanyuma wemeze ibiciro by'imizigo
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kohereza kamera z'imodoka ziva mu Bushinwa?
Imizigo yo mu mazi:Iyo ingano y'ibicuruzwa ari nini, igihe cyo kohereza kiba gihagije, kandi ibisabwa mu kugenzura ikiguzi bikaba biri hejuru,imizigo yo mu maziUbusanzwe ni amahitamo meza. Ingendo zo mu mazi zifite ibyiza byo gutwara ibintu byinshi no ku giciro gito, ariko igihe cyo kohereza ibintu ni kirekire. Abashinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa bazahitamo inzira zo kohereza ibicuruzwa zikwiye hamwe n'ibigo by'ubwikorezi bitewe n'ibintu nko aho ibicuruzwa bijya n'igihe cyo kubigeza.
Imitwaro yo mu mazi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: container yuzuye (FCL) n'imizigo myinshi (LCL).
FCL:Iyo utumije ibicuruzwa byinshi ku mucuruzi w’amakamera y’imodoka, ibyo bicuruzwa bishobora kuzuza isanduku cyangwa hafi kuzuza isanduku. Cyangwa niba uguze ibindi bicuruzwa ku bandi batanga amashami usibye gutumiza amakamera y’imodoka, ushobora gusaba umucuruzi w’imizigo kugufasha.guhuzaibicuruzwa hanyuma ukabivanga mu gikoresho kimwe.
LCL:Iyo utumije ibikoresho bike bya kamera y'imodoka, kohereza LCL ni uburyo buhendutse bwo gutwara.
(Kanda hanokugira ngo umenye itandukaniro riri hagati ya FCL na LCL)
| Ubwoko bw'agasanduku | Ibipimo by'imbere mu gikoresho (Metero) | Ubushobozi ntarengwa (CBM) |
| 20GP/metero 20 | Uburebure: Metero 5.898 Ubugari: Metero 2.35 Uburebure: Metero 2.385 | 28CBM |
| 40GP/futi 40 | Uburebure: Metero 12.032 Ubugari: Metero 2.352 Uburebure: Metero 2.385 | 58CBM |
| 40HQ/ metero 40 z'uburebure | Uburebure: Metero 12.032 Ubugari: Metero 2.352 Uburebure: Metero 2.69 | 68CBM |
| 45HQ/ metero 45 z'uburebure | Uburebure: Metero 13.556 Ubugari: Metero 2.352 Uburebure: Metero 2.698 | 78CBM |
(Ku bijyanye no kureba gusa, ingano y'ikonteyineri ya buri sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa ishobora gutandukana gato.)
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:Ku bicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byinshi cyane kugira ngo igihe cyo kohereza kigere ku giciro kinini cy'imizigo,gutwara ibintu mu kirereni cyo gihitamo cya mbere. Gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere ni kwihuta kandi bishobora kugeza ibicuruzwa aho bijya mu gihe gito, ariko igiciro ni kinini. Ushinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa azahitamo indege n'indege bikwiye hakurikijwe uburemere, ingano n'igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa uvuye mu Bushinwa ujya muri Ositaraliya?
Nta buryo bwiza bwo kohereza, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kohereza bubereye buri wese. Umuntu w’inararibonye mu kohereza imizigo azasuzuma uburyo bwo kohereza bujyanye n’ibicuruzwa byawe n’ibyo ukeneye, kandi abuhuze na serivisi zijyanye na byo (nk’ububiko, amakamyo, n’ibindi) hamwe na gahunda yo kohereza, ingendo z’indege, n’ibindi.
Serivisi z'ibigo bitandukanye by'ubwikorezi n'ibigo by'indege nazo ziratandukanye. Amwe mu masosiyete manini y'ubwikorezi cyangwa sosiyete z'indege akenshi agira serivisi zihamye zo gutwara imizigo n'umuyoboro mugari w'inzira, ariko ibiciro bishobora kuba biri hejuru ugereranyije; mu gihe amwe mu masosiyete mato cyangwa atangiye gutwara imizigo ashobora kugira ibiciro bihanitse, ariko ireme rya serivisi n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bishobora gukenera iperereza ryinshi.
Kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijya muri Ositaraliya bifata igihe kingana iki?
Ibi biterwa n'aho ubwato bw'imizigo buhaguruka n'aho bujya, ndetse n'ingaruka zimwe na zimwe nk'ikirere, impanuka, umubyigano, n'ibindi.
Ibi bikurikira ni ibihe byo kohereza ku byambu bimwe na bimwe bihuriweho:
| Ubushinwa | Ositaraliya | Igihe cyo kohereza |
| Shenzhen | Sydney | Hafi iminsi 12 |
| Brisbane | Hafi iminsi 13 | |
| Melbourne | Hafi iminsi 16 | |
| Fremantle | Hafi iminsi 18 |
| Ubushinwa | Ositaraliya | Igihe cyo kohereza |
| Shanghai | Sydney | Hafi iminsi 17 |
| Brisbane | Hafi iminsi 15 | |
| Melbourne | Hafi iminsi 20 | |
| Fremantle | Hafi iminsi 20 |
| Ubushinwa | Ositaraliya | Igihe cyo kohereza |
| Ningbo | Sydney | Hafi iminsi 17 |
| Brisbane | Hafi iminsi 20 | |
| Melbourne | Hafi iminsi 22 | |
| Fremantle | Hafi iminsi 22 |
Imitwaro yo mu kirere muri rusange itwaraIminsi 3-8kwakira ibicuruzwa, bitewe n'ibibuga by'indege bitandukanye ndetse niba indege ifite aho inyura.
Kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijya muri Ositaraliya bigura angahe?
Hashingiwe ku mategeko yawe adafite incoterms, amakuru y'imizigo, ibisabwa mu gutwara ibintu, amasosiyete cyangwa ingendo z'indege zatoranijwe, nibindi, umukozi ushinzwe gutwara ibintu azabara amafaranga ugomba kwishyura, asobanure ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu, andi mafaranga y'inyongera, nibindi. Abakozi b'ingenzi bo gutwara ibintu bazakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bamenye neza kandi bagaragaze neza amafaranga y'ibiciro mu gihe cyo kwishyura amafaranga, kandi baha abakiriya urutonde rurambuye rw'amafaranga yo gusobanura amafaranga atandukanye.
Ushobora kugereranya byinshi kugira ngo urebe niba biri mu ngengo y'imari yawe kandi ko bihuye n'urwego rwemewe. Ariko doreicyibutsako iyo ugereranyije ibiciro by'ibigo bitandukanye by'ubwikorezi bw'imizigo, ugomba kwitondera abafite ibiciro biri hasi cyane. Bamwe mu bigo by'ubwikorezi bw'imizigo bashuka ba nyir'imizigo batanga ibiciro biri hasi, ariko bananirwa kwishyura ibiciro by'imizigo bitangwa n'ibigo byabo byo hejuru, bigatuma imizigo idatangwa kandi bigira ingaruka ku kwakira imizigo kwa ba nyir'imizigo. Niba ibiciro by'ibigo by'ubwikorezi ugereranya bisa, ushobora guhitamo ufite inyungu n'uburambe bwinshi.
3. Kohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga
Nyuma yo kwemeza igisubizo cy’ubwikorezi n’ibiciro by’imizigo bitangwa n’ushinzwe gutwara imizigo, uhagarariye ibicuruzwa azemeza igihe cyo gutwara no gupakira hamwe n’ushinzwe gutwara imizigo hashingiwe ku makuru y’ushinzwe gutwara imizigo watanze. Muri icyo gihe, tegura inyandiko zijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nka fagitire z’ubucuruzi, urutonde rw’ibipakirwa, impushya zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (niba bikenewe), n’ibindi, hanyuma utangaze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri gasutamo. Nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa bigeze ku cyambu cya Ositaraliya, hazabaho inzira zo kubikuraho.
(ItsindaIcyemezo cy'inkomoko y'Ubushinwa na Ositaraliyabishobora kugufasha kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro n'amahoro amwe, kandi Senghor Logistics ishobora kugufasha kubitanga.)
4. Gutanga bya nyuma
Niba ukeneye icya nyumainzu ku yindiGutanga, nyuma yo kwemererwa kwishyura kuri gasutamo, umukozi ushinzwe gutwara imizigo azashyikiriza umuguzi kamera y'imodoka muri Ositaraliya.
Senghor Logistics yishimiye kuba umucuruzi wawe w’imizigo kugira ngo arebe ko ibicuruzwa byawe bigera aho bigeze ku gihe. Twasinyanye amasezerano n’ibigo by’ubwikorezi n’ibigo by’indege kandi dufite amasezerano y’ibiciro byabyo bwite. Mu gihe cyo gutanga ibiciro, isosiyete yacu izaha abakiriya urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibiciro nta kiguzi cyihishe. Kandi dufite abakiriya benshi bo muri Ositaraliya dufitanye amasezerano y’igihe kirekire, bityo tuzi neza inzira zo muri Ositaraliya kandi dufite uburambe buhanitse.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-06-2024
