Intambwe zingahe ziva ku ruganda zijya ku muntu wa nyuma utanga ibicuruzwa?
Mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa, gusobanukirwa ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigende neza. Uburyo bwose kuva ku ruganda kugeza ku muntu wa nyuma ushobora kugorana, cyane cyane ku bantu bashya mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Senghor Logistics izagabanya uburyo bwose mo intambwe zoroshye gukurikiza, ifatiye urugero ku bwikorezi buturutse mu Bushinwa, yibanda ku magambo y'ingenzi nko gukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, incoterms nka FOB (Ubuntu mu ndege) na EXW (Ex Works), ndetse n'uruhare rw'abatwara imizigo muri serivisi z'inzu ku nzu.
Intambwe ya 1: Kwemeza no kwishyura ibyo wategetse
Intambwe ya mbere mu gikorwa cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa ni ukwemeza ibyo bicuruzwa. Nyuma yo kumvikana n'umutanga ibicuruzwa, nko igiciro, ingano n'igihe cyo kubitanga, ubusanzwe usabwa kwishyura amafaranga cyangwa kwishyura yose. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi kuko umutanga ibicuruzwa azaguha igisubizo cy'ibicuruzwa hashingiwe ku makuru y'imizigo cyangwa ku rutonde rw'ibipakiye.
Intambwe ya 2: Kugenzura umusaruro n'ubuziranenge
Iyo wishyuye, uruganda ruzatangira gukora ibicuruzwa byawe. Bitewe n'uburemere n'ingano y'ibyo watumije, gukora bishobora kumara iminsi mike kugeza ku byumweru bike. Muri icyo gihe, ni byiza ko ukora igenzura ry'ubuziranenge. Niba ufite itsinda ry'abahanga mu kugenzura ibicuruzwa, ushobora gusaba itsinda ryawe rishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa, cyangwa ugaha akazi serivisi yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa kugira ngo urebe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mbere yo koherezwa.
Urugero, Senghor Logistics ifiteUmukiriya wa VIP muriLeta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerikautumiza ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ubwiza bivuye mu Bushinwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugira ngo byuzuzweumwaka wose. Kandi igihe cyose ibicuruzwa birangiye, bazohereza itsinda ryabo rya QC kugenzura ibicuruzwa biri mu ruganda, kandi nyuma yuko raporo y'igenzura isohotse kandi igatangwa, ibicuruzwa byemererwa koherezwa.
Ku bigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu Bushinwa byo muri iki gihe bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, mu gihe cy’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (Gicurasi 2025), niba bashaka kugumana abakiriya ba kera no gukurura abakiriya bashya, ireme ryiza ni intambwe ya mbere. Ibigo byinshi ntibizakora ubucuruzi bwa rimwe gusa, bityo bizashimangira ko ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa n’uburyo bwo kubitanga buhamye mu gihe kitazwi neza. Twizera ko iyi ari nayo mpamvu uhisemo uyu mucuruzi.
Intambwe ya 3: Gupakira no gushyiramo ibirango
Nyuma y’uko umusaruro urangiye (kandi igenzura ry’ubuziranenge rirangiye), uruganda ruzapakira ibicuruzwa no kubishyiraho ikimenyetso. Gupakira neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo birinde ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Byongeye kandi, gupakira no kubishyiraho ikimenyetso neza hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bisohoke neza kandi bigerweho neza ko ibicuruzwa bigera aho bigomba kugera.
Ku bijyanye no gupakira, ububiko bw'umucuruzi w'imizigo nabwo bushobora gutanga serivisi zijyanye nabyo. Urugero, serivisi zongerewe agaciro za Senghor Logisticsububikoishobora gutanga harimo: serivisi zo gupakira ibintu nko gupakira ibintu mu mapaki, kongera gupakira, gushyiramo ibirango, na serivisi zo gukoresha umwanya nko gukusanya no guhuza imizigo.
Intambwe ya 4: Hitamo uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanyuma uhamagare umukozi ushinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa
Ushobora kuvugana n'ushinzwe gutwara imizigo mugihe utanga commande y'ibicuruzwa, cyangwa ugahamagara nyuma yo gusobanukirwa igihe cyo kwitegura. Ushobora kumenyesha uhagarariye gutwara imizigo mbere y'igihe uburyo bwo kohereza ushaka gukoresha,gutwara ibintu mu kirere, imizigo yo mu mazi, gutwara imizigo ya gari ya moshicyangwaubwikorezi bwo ku butaka, kandi umukozi ushinzwe gutwara imizigo azagutanga ibiciro akurikije amakuru y’imizigo yawe, ibyihutirwa by’imizigo, n’ibindi ukeneye. Ariko niba utabizi neza, ushobora gusaba umukozi ushinzwe gutwara imizigo kugufasha kubona igisubizo kijyanye n’uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byawe.
Hanyuma, amagambo abiri asanzwe uzahura na yo ni FOB (Ubuntu mu isanduku) na EXW (Ex Works):
FOB (Ku buntu mu ndege): Muri ubu buryo, umugurisha ni we ubazwa ibicuruzwa kugeza igihe bishyizwe mu bwato. Iyo ibicuruzwa bimaze gushyirwa mu bwato, umuguzi ni we ubazwa. Ubu buryo bukunze gukundwa n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kuko butanga ubuyobozi buhanitse ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
EXW (Ex Works)Muri iki gihe, umugurisha atanga ibicuruzwa aho biri, maze umuguzi akaba ari we utanga ikiguzi cyose cy’ubwikorezi n’ingaruka nyuma y’aho. Ubu buryo bushobora kugorana cyane ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane abatazi ibijyanye n’ibicuruzwa.
Intambwe ya 5: Uruhare rw'abatwara imizigo
Umaze kwemeza ibiciro by'umucuruzi w'imizigo, ushobora gusaba umucuruzi w'imizigo gutegura ibyo uzatwara.Menya ko ibiciro by'umucuruzi w'imizigo ari ntarengwa. Igiciro cy'imizigo yo mu mazi kizaba gitandukanye mu gice cya mbere cy'ukwezi n'igice cya kabiri cy'ukwezi, kandi igiciro cy'imizigo yo mu kirere muri rusange kirahindagurika buri cyumweru.
Umucuruzi w’imizigo ni umuhanga mu gutanga serivisi z’ubwikorezi ushobora kugufasha guhangana n’ingorane zo mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga. Tuzakora imirimo itandukanye, irimo:
- Gutanga umwanya wo gutwara imizigo n'ibigo by'ubwikorezi
- Tegura inyandiko zo kohereza
- Kura ibicuruzwa mu ruganda
- Guhuza ibicuruzwa
- Gupakira no gupakurura ibicuruzwa
- Gutegura uburenganzira bwo kwishyura gasutamo
- Gutanga serivisi zo gukwirakwiza inzu ku nzu iyo bibaye ngombwa
Intambwe ya 6: Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo
Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byawe byoherezwa, bigomba kumenyeshwa gasutamo haba mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'ibitumiza. Ubusanzwe, umukozi ushinzwe gutwara imizigo azakora iki gikorwa kandi akagenzura ko inyandiko zose zikenewe zihari, harimo inyemezabuguzi z'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, hamwe n'impushya cyangwa ibyemezo bikenewe. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa amategeko agenga gasutamo mu gihugu cyawe kugira ngo wirinde gutinda cyangwa ikiguzi cy'inyongera.
Intambwe ya 7: Kohereza no Gutwara
Iyo imenyekanisha rya gasutamo rirangiye, ibicuruzwa byawe bizashyirwa mu bwato cyangwa mu ndege. Igihe cyo kohereza kizatandukana bitewe n'uburyo bwo kohereza bwatoranyijwe (ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere akenshi buba bwihuta ariko buhenze kurusha ubwo mu mazi) ndetse n'intera yo kugera aho wagombaga kugera. Muri iki gihe, ikigo cy'ubwikorezi kizagukurikirana uko ibicuruzwa byawe bihagaze.
Intambwe ya 8: Kuhagera no kwemererwa burundu kuri gasutamo
Iyo ibicuruzwa byawe bigeze ku cyambu cyangwa ku kibuga cy'indege, bizanyura mu kindi cyiciro cyo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo. Ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo kizagufasha muri iki gikorwa, kikareba ko imisoro n'amahoro byose byishyurwa. Iyo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo birangiye, ibicuruzwa bishobora gutangwa.
Intambwe ya 9: Gutanga ubutumwa ku aderesi ya nyuma
Intambwe ya nyuma mu gikorwa cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa ni ugutanga ibicuruzwa ku muntu ubigutumye. Iyo uhisemo serivisi yo kugera ku nzu n'inzu, umukozi ushinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa azategura ko ibicuruzwa bigezwa aho byagenewe. Iyi serivisi igufasha kuzigama umwanya n'imbaraga kuko idasaba gukorana n'abatanga serivisi nyinshi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Kuri iyi ngingo, gutwara ibicuruzwa byawe biva mu ruganda bijya aho bizagezwa byarangiye.
Nk’ikigo cy’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo cyizewe, Senghor Logistics imaze imyaka irenga icumi ikurikiza ihame ryo gutanga serivisi zinoze kandi imaze igihe kinini ihabwa izina ryiza n’abakiriya n’abatanga ibicuruzwa.
Mu myaka icumi ishize y'uburambe mu nganda, turi abahanga mu guha abakiriya ibisubizo bikwiye byo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Byaba ari ukuva ku nzu kugera ku nzu cyangwa ku yindi, dufite uburambe bukuze. By'umwihariko, hari abakiriya bamwe na bamwe bakenera kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye ku batanga ibicuruzwa batandukanye, kandi dushobora no guhuza ibisubizo bijyanye n'ibikoresho. (Reba inkuruy'ibyo sosiyete yacu yohereza ku bakiriya bo muri Ositaraliya kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye.) Mu mahanga, dufite kandi abakozi bakomeye bo mu gace dukoreramo kugira ngo dufatanye natwe mu gusukura gasutamo no kugeza ibicuruzwa ku nzu n'inzu. Igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ndakwinginzeTwandikirekugira ngo tugufashe kugisha inama ku bijyanye n'ubwikorezi bwawe. Twiringiye ko tuzagukorera dukoresheje uburyo bwacu bw'umwuga n'uburambe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2025
