Ni intambwe zingahe zifata kuva muruganda kugeza kuboherejwe bwa nyuma?
Iyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, gusobanukirwa ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga ni ngombwa mu bucuruzi bworoshye. Inzira yose kuva muruganda kugeza kuboherejwe bwa nyuma irashobora kuba ingorabahizi, cyane cyane kubashya mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Senghor Logistics izagabanya inzira zose mu ntambwe yoroshye gukurikira, ifata ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa nk'urugero, byibanda ku magambo y'ingenzi nk'uburyo bwo kohereza, incoterms nka FOB (Ubuntu ku buyobozi) na EXW (Ex Work), n'uruhare rw'abatwara ibicuruzwa muri serivisi ku nzu n'inzu.
Intambwe ya 1: Tegeka kwemeza no kwishyura
Intambwe yambere muburyo bwo kohereza ni kwemeza ibyemezo. Nyuma yo kumvikana nuwabitanze, nkigiciro, ingano nigihe cyo gutanga, mubisanzwe urasabwa kwishyura inguzanyo cyangwa ubwishyu bwuzuye. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro kuko uwutwara ibicuruzwa azaguha igisubizo cyibikoresho bishingiye kumakuru yimizigo cyangwa urutonde.
Intambwe ya 2: Umusaruro no kugenzura ubuziranenge
Iyo ubwishyu bumaze gukorwa, uruganda ruzatangira kubyaza umusaruro ibicuruzwa byawe. Ukurikije ubunini nubunini bwibicuruzwa byawe, umusaruro urashobora gufata ahantu hose kuva muminsi mike kugeza ibyumweru bike. Muri iki gihe, birasabwa ko ukora igenzura ryiza. Niba ufite itsinda ryumwuga QC rishinzwe kugenzura, urashobora gusaba itsinda rya QC kugenzura ibicuruzwa, cyangwa gukoresha serivisi yundi muntu wo kugenzura kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mbere yo kohereza.
Kurugero, Senghor Logistics ifite aUmukiriya wa VIP muriAmerikaninde utumiza ibikoresho byo gupakira ibintu byo kwisiga biva mubushinwa muri Amerika kugirango byuzuze ibicuruzwaumwaka wose. Kandi igihe cyose ibicuruzwa byiteguye, bazohereza itsinda ryabo rya QC kugenzura ibicuruzwa biri muruganda, kandi raporo yubugenzuzi imaze gusohoka no gutambuka, ibicuruzwa byemerewe kohereza.
Muri iki gihe abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, mu bihe by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri iki gihe (Gicurasi 2025), niba bashaka kugumana abakiriya ba kera no gukurura abakiriya bashya, ubuziranenge ni intambwe yambere. Ibigo byinshi ntabwo bizakora ubucuruzi bwigihe kimwe gusa, bityo bizemeza neza ibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa bitangwa neza mubidukikije. Turizera ko iyi ari nayo mpamvu ituma uhitamo uyitanga.
Intambwe ya 3: Gupakira no kuranga
Umusaruro umaze kurangira (no kugenzura ubuziranenge birangiye), uruganda ruzapakira kandi rwandike ibicuruzwa. Gupakira neza ni ngombwa kurinda ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gutwara. Byongeye kandi, gupakira no gushyiramo ikimenyetso neza ukurikije ibisabwa byoherezwa ni ngombwa kugirango usibe gasutamo kandi urebe ko ibicuruzwa bigera aho bijya.
Kubijyanye no gupakira, ububiko bwabatwara ibicuruzwa birashobora kandi gutanga serivisi zijyanye. Kurugero, serivisi zongerewe agaciro Senghor Logistics 'ububikoIrashobora gutanga harimo: serivisi zo gupakira nka palletizing, gupakira, kuranga, hamwe na serivise zo gukoresha umwanya nko gukusanya imizigo no guhuriza hamwe.
Intambwe ya 4: Hitamo uburyo bwo kohereza hanyuma ubaze uwutwara ibicuruzwa
Urashobora kuvugana nuhereza ibicuruzwa mugihe utumije ibicuruzwa, cyangwa kuvugana nyuma yo gusobanukirwa nigihe cyateganijwe. Urashobora kumenyesha uwatwaye ibicuruzwa hakiri kare uburyo bwo kohereza ushaka gukoresha,ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, gari ya moshi, cyangwaubwikorezi bw'ubutaka, hamwe nuhereza ibicuruzwa bizagusubiramo ukurikije amakuru yimizigo yawe, byihutirwa imizigo, nibindi bikenewe. Ariko niba ukomeje kutamenya neza, urashobora gusaba uwashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa kugufasha kubona igisubizo kijyanye nuburyo bwo kohereza bukwiranye nibicuruzwa byawe.
Noneho, amagambo abiri asanzwe uzahura nayo ni FOB (Ubuntu Kubuyobozi) na EXW (Ex Work):
FOB (Ubuntu kubuyobozi): Muri iyi gahunda, umugurisha ashinzwe ibicuruzwa kugeza byuzuye mu bwato. Ibicuruzwa bimaze gupakirwa mu bwato, umuguzi afata inshingano. Ubu buryo bukundwa nabatumiza hanze kuko butanga uburyo bunoze bwo kohereza.
EXW (Ex Work): Muri iki gihe, umugurisha atanga ibicuruzwa aho biherereye kandi umuguzi yishyura ibiciro byose byubwikorezi hamwe ningaruka nyuma. Ubu buryo burashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubatumiza mu mahanga, cyane cyane abatamenyereye ibikoresho.
Intambwe ya 5: Uruhare rwohereza Imbere Uruhare
Nyuma yo kwemeza ibivugwa mubohereza ibicuruzwa, urashobora gusaba uwashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa gutegura ibyo wohereje.Nyamuneka menya ko amagambo yoherejwe nuhereza ibicuruzwa ari igihe ntarengwa. Igiciro cy’imizigo yo mu nyanja kizaba gitandukanye mugice cya mbere cyukwezi nigice cya kabiri cyukwezi, kandi igiciro cyubwikorezi bwo mu kirere gihindagurika buri cyumweru.
Kohereza ibicuruzwa ni serivise yumwuga itanga ibikoresho bishobora kugufasha kugendana ningorabahizi zo kohereza mpuzamahanga. Tuzakora imirimo itandukanye, harimo:
- Andika umwanya wimizigo hamwe namasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa
- Tegura ibyangombwa byo kohereza
- Tora ibicuruzwa mu ruganda
- Guhuriza hamwe ibicuruzwa
- Gutwara no gupakurura ibicuruzwa
- Tegura ibicuruzwa byemewe
- Gutanga urugi ku nzu niba bikenewe
Intambwe ya 6: Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo
Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byawe byoherezwa, bigomba kumenyeshwa gasutamo haba mubihugu byohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga. Ubusanzwe abatwara ibicuruzwa bazakora iki gikorwa kandi barebe ko ibyangombwa byose bikenewe bihari, harimo inyemezabuguzi zubucuruzi, urutonde rwabapakira, hamwe nimpushya zose cyangwa ibyemezo. Ni ngombwa kumva amabwiriza ya gasutamo yigihugu cyawe kugirango wirinde gutinda cyangwa amafaranga yinyongera.
Intambwe 7: Kohereza no gutwara abantu
Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo rimaze kurangira, ibyoherejwe bizashyirwa mu bwato cyangwa mu ndege. Ibihe byo kohereza bizatandukana bitewe nuburyo bwo kohereza bwatoranijwe (ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere busanzwe bwihuta ariko buhenze kuruta ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja) hamwe nintera igana iyo ujya. Muri iki gihe, uwagutwaye ibicuruzwa azagumya kugezwaho amakuru kubyo wohereje.
Intambwe ya 8: Kugera kwa gasutamo no kurangiza
Ibyoherejwe nibimara kugera ku cyambu cyangwa ku kibuga cy’indege, bizanyura mu kindi cyiciro cya gasutamo. Uhereza ibicuruzwa byawe azagufasha muriki gikorwa, urebe ko imisoro n'amahoro byose byishyuwe. Iyo gasutamo imaze kurangira, ibyoherejwe birashobora gutangwa.
Intambwe 9: Gutanga kuri aderesi yanyuma
Intambwe yanyuma mubikorwa byo kohereza ni ugutanga ibicuruzwa kuboherejwe. Niba uhisemo serivisi ku nzu n'inzu, uwutwara ibicuruzwa azategura ibicuruzwa bigezwa kuri aderesi yabigenewe. Iyi serivisi igutwara igihe n'imbaraga kuko bitagusaba guhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi.
Kuri ubu, ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa byawe kuva muruganda kugeza aderesi ya nyuma byarangiye.
Nkumushinga wizewe utwara ibicuruzwa, Senghor Logistics imaze imyaka irenga icumi yubahiriza ihame rya serivisi zivuye ku mutima kandi imaze kwamamara neza kubakiriya no kubitanga.
Mu myaka icumi ishize yuburambe mu nganda, turi beza guha abakiriya ibisubizo bikwiye byo koherezwa. Yaba inzu ku nzu cyangwa icyambu-ku cyambu, dufite uburambe bukuze. By'umwihariko, abakiriya bamwe rimwe na rimwe bakeneye kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, kandi dushobora no guhuza ibisubizo bijyanye nibikoresho. (Reba inkuruy'isosiyete yacu yohereza abakiriya ba Australiya ibisobanuro birambuye.) Mu mahanga, dufite kandi abakozi bakomeye baho kugirango bafatanye natwe gukora gasutamo no gutanga inzu ku nzu. Ntakibazo igihe, nyamunekatwandikirekugisha inama kubibazo byawe. Turizera kugukorera hamwe numuyoboro wabigize umwuga hamwe nuburambe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2025
