Gusobanukirwa no Kugereranya “urugi ku nzu”, “urugi ku rundi”, “icyambu ku kindi” na “icyambu ku nzu”
Mu buryo bwinshi bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu nganda zohereza ibicuruzwa. "inzu ku nzu""
1. Urugi ku nzu
Kohereza ku nzu n'inzu ni serivisi yuzuye aho uwutwara ibicuruzwa ashinzwe ibikorwa byose biva mu mahanga ("umuryango") kugeza aho uwatumiwe ("umuryango"). Ubu buryo bukubiyemo ipikipiki, ubwikorezi, ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo no kugeza aho bijya.
Ibyiza:
Byoroshye:Uwohereje n'uwakiriye ntibakeneye guhangayikishwa n'ibikoresho byose; utwara ibicuruzwa yita kuri byose.
Bika umwanya:Hamwe ningingo imwe yo guhuza, itumanaho ryoroshe, rigabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe guhuza amashyaka menshi.
Gukurikirana imizigo:Abatwara ibicuruzwa benshi batanga serivise zo kuvugurura imizigo, bigatuma abafite imizigo bumva aho imizigo yabo iherereye mugihe nyacyo.
Ikibura:
Igiciro:Bitewe na serivisi zuzuye zitangwa, ubu buryo bushobora kuba buhenze kuruta ubundi buryo.
Guhinduka guke:Guhindura gahunda yo kohereza birashobora kugorana cyane kubera ibyiciro byinshi bya logistique birimo.
2. Urugi rugana ku cyambu
Urugi-ku cyambu bivuga kohereza ibicuruzwa biva aho uwabitumbereye yerekeza ku cyambu cyabigenewe hanyuma bikabishyira mu bwato bwo gutwara abantu mpuzamahanga. Uwatumiwe ashinzwe gufata ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cyo kuhagera.
Ibyiza:
Ikiguzi:Ubu buryo buhendutse kuruta kohereza ku nzu n'inzu kuko bikuraho ibikenerwa gutangwa aho bijya.
Igenzura ku itangwa rya nyuma:Uwatumiwe arashobora gutondekanya uburyo bwatoranijwe bwo kuva ku cyambu kugera aho ujya.
Ikibura:
Kongera inshingano:Uyahawe agomba gukora ibicuruzwa biva muri gasutamo no gutwara abantu ku cyambu, bishobora kugorana kandi bigatwara igihe. Nibyiza kugira amakoperative maremare yigihe kirekire.
Ibishobora gutinda:Niba uwahawe ibicuruzwa atiteguye ibikoresho byo ku cyambu, hashobora kubaho gutinda kwakira ibicuruzwa.
3. Icyambu ku cyambu
Kohereza ku cyambu ku cyambu ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva ku cyambu kijya ku kindi. Iyi fomu ikoreshwa kenshi mubikoresho mpuzamahanga, aho uwabitumije ageza ibicuruzwa ku cyambu naho uwahawe ibicuruzwa agafata ibicuruzwa ku cyambu.
Ibyiza:
Biroroshye:Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi bwibanda gusa ku nyanja y'urugendo.
Kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi birahenze:Nibyiza kubyohereza imizigo myinshi kuko mubisanzwe itanga ibiciro biri hasi yimizigo myinshi.
Ikibura:
Serivisi nke:Ubu buryo ntabwo bukubiyemo serivisi iyo ari yo yose hanze y’icyambu, bivuze ko impande zombi zigomba gucunga ipikipiki yazo no gutanga ibikoresho.
Ingaruka zo gutinda nibiciro byinshi:Niba icyerekezo cyerekezo cyuzuye cyangwa kidafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza umutungo waho, igiciro gitunguranye gishobora kurenga ibivugwa mbere, bigakora umutego wihishe.
4. Icyambu ku nzu
Kohereza ku nzu n'inzu bivuga kugemura ibicuruzwa biva ku cyambu aho uwatumiwe aherereye. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mugihe uwatumije ibicuruzwa yamaze kugeza ibicuruzwa ku cyambu kandi uwashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa ashinzwe kubitanga bwa nyuma.
Ibyiza:
Guhinduka:Abatwara ibicuruzwa barashobora guhitamo uburyo bwo kugeza ku cyambu, mugihe uwutwara ibicuruzwa acunga ibirometero byanyuma.
Ikiguzi-cyiza mubihe bimwe:Ubu buryo bushobora kuba bwiza kuruta kohereza ku nzu n'inzu, cyane cyane iyo uwayohereje afite uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Ikibura:
Gicurasi ishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi:Kohereza ku nzu n'inzu birashobora kuba bihenze kuruta ubundi buryo bwo kohereza, nk'icyambu ku cyambu, bitewe n'ibikoresho by'inyongera bigira uruhare mu kugeza ibicuruzwa aho ibicuruzwa biturutse. Cyane cyane kubwoko bwa aderesi ya kure, bizatera amafaranga menshi, kandi niko bimeze no gutwara "inzu ku nzu".
Ibikoresho bigoye:Guhuza ukuguru kwanyuma kwokugemura birashobora kuba bigoye cyane, cyane cyane iyo aho bigeze ari kure cyangwa bigoye kuyigeraho. Ibi birashobora gutera ubukererwe no kongera amahirwe yo kugorana. Gutanga aderesi yihariye bizagira ibibazo nkibi.
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu mu nganda zohereza ibicuruzwa biva ku bintu bitandukanye, birimo ikiguzi, korohereza, hamwe n’ibikenewe byihariye byohereza no kwakira.
Urugi-ku rugi ni rwiza kubashaka uburambe butagira ikibazo, cyane cyane bubereye imishinga mito n'iciriritse idafite uburambe bwa gasutamo.
Urugi-Kuri-Port na Port-to-Door buringaniza hagati yikiguzi no korohereza.
Port-to-Port irakwiriye cyane kubigo bimwe-bimwe bishingiye kumikoro, bifite amakipi yimisoro ya gasutamo kandi bishobora gutwara ubwikorezi bwimbere.
Ubwanyuma, guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara abantu guhitamo biterwa nibisabwa byoherezwa, urwego rwa serivisi rusabwa, hamwe ningengo yimari ihari.Ibikoresho bya Senghorirashobora guhaza ibyo ukeneye, ukeneye gusa kutubwira igice cyakazi dukeneye kugufasha gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2025
