Ni ibihe byambu by'ingenzi byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Megizike?
Megiziken'Ubushinwa ni abafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi mu bucuruzi, kandi abakiriya ba Megizike nabo bagize igice kinini cya Senghor Logistics'Abanyamerika y'Epfoabakiriya. None se ni ku bivuko ibihe dusanzwe dutwara ibicuruzwa? Ni ibihe byambu by'ingenzi muri Megizike? Komeza usome.
Muri rusange, hari ibyambu bitatu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Megizike dukunze kuvugaho:
1. Icyambu cya Manzanillo
(1) Aho ibintu biherereye n'imiterere y'ibanze
Icyambu cya Manzanillo giherereye i Manzanillo, muri Colima, ku nkombe ya Pasifika ya Megizike. Ni kimwe mu byambu bihugiye cyane muri Megizike kandi ni kimwe mu byambu bikomeye cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo.
Icyambu gifite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gutwara abantu, birimo aho gutwara abantu benshi, aho gutwara abantu benshi n'aho gutwara imizigo. Icyambu gifite ubuso bunini bw'amazi kandi umuyoboro wacyo ni munini bihagije kugira ngo ushobore kwakira amato manini, nk'amato ya Panamax n'amato manini cyane y'amakontineri.
(2) Ubwoko bw'imizigo y'ingenzi
Umuzigo w’amakonteyineri: Ni cyo cyambu cy’ingenzi gitumiza no kohereza amakonteyineri muri Megizike, gitwara imizigo myinshi y’amakonteyineri iva muri Aziya na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ni ihuriro rikomeye rihuza Megizike n’urusobe rw’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kandi amasosiyete menshi mpuzamahanga akoresha iki cyambu mu gutwara ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byakozwe nk’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imyenda, n’ibindi.imashini.
Imitwaro myinshi: Ikora kandi ubucuruzi bw'imizigo myinshi, nk'amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyampeke, nibindi. Ni icyambu cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza amabuye y'agaciro muri Megizike, kandi amabuye y'agaciro ava mu turere dukikije yoherezwa mu bice byose by'isi binyuze hano. Urugero, amabuye y'agaciro nk'umuringa wo mu gace gacukurwamo amabuye y'agaciro muri Megizike yo hagati yoherezwa mu mahanga ku cyambu cya Manzanillo.
Imizigo y'amazi: Ifite uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo y'amazi nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibikomoka kuri chimique. Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli byo muri Megizike byoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze muri iki cyambu, kandi bimwe mu bikoresho fatizo byo mu nganda z'imiti zo mu gihugu nabyo bitumizwa mu mahanga.
(3) Korohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bworoshye
Icyo cyambu gifitanye isano n'imihanda n'inzira za gari ya moshi zo mu gihugu muri Megizike. Ibicuruzwa bishobora koherezwa mu mijyi minini yo hagati muri Megizike, nka Guadalajara na Mexico City, binyuze mu mihanda minini. Gari ya moshi ikoreshwa kandi mu gukusanya no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa, ibi bikaba binoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa byo ku cyambu.
Senghor Logistics ikunze kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa ku cyambu cya Manzanillo, muri Megizike ku bakiriya, bigakemura ibibazo by’ubwikorezi ku bakiriya. Umwaka ushize,abakiriya bacuyaturutse muri Megizike ijya i Shenzhen, mu Bushinwa kugira ngo tuganire ku bibazo nko gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga, n'ibiciro by'imizigo.
2. Icyambu cya Lazaro Cardenas
Icyambu cya Lazaro Cardenas ni ikindi cyambu cy’ingenzi cya Pasifika, kizwiho ubushobozi bwacyo bwo mu mazi menshi ndetse n’aho amakontena agezweho akorera. Ni ihuriro ry’ingenzi ry’ubucuruzi hagati ya Megizike na Aziya, cyane cyane mu gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ibice by’imodoka, n’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
-Ni kimwe mu byambu binini muri Megizike ukurikije ubuso n'ubushobozi bwabyo.
-Ikora TEU zirenga miliyoni 1 ku mwaka.
-Ifite ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gutwara imizigo.
Icyambu cya Lazaro Cardenas nacyo ni icyambu Senghor Logistics ikunze gutwara ibice by'imodoka muri Megizike.
3. Icyambu cya Veracruz
(1) Aho ibintu biherereye n'amakuru y'ibanze
Iherereye i Veracruz, Veracruz, ku nkombe z'ikigobe cya Megizike. Ni kimwe mu byambu bya kera cyane muri Megizike.
Icyambu gifite aho gutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi, harimo aho gutwara ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu ma konteyineri, aho gutwara imizigo rusange, n'aho gutwara imizigo mu mazi. Nubwo ibikoresho byacyo ari gakondo ku rugero runaka, kirimo kuvugururwa kugira ngo gihuze n'ibyo gutwara imizigo bigezweho.
(2) Ubwoko bw'imizigo y'ingenzi
Imitwaro rusange n'imizigo ya konteyineri: ikora imizigo itandukanye rusange, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, imashini n'ibikoresho, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, ikomeza kongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara imizigo ya konteyineri, kandi ni icyambu cy'ingenzi cyo gutumiza no kohereza imizigo ku nkombe z'ikigobe cya Megizike. Igira uruhare mu bucuruzi hagati ya Megizike n'Uburayi, iburasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'utundi turere. Urugero, imashini n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burayi bigurishwa muri Megizike binyuze muri iki cyambu.
Imitwaro y'amazi n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Ni icyambu cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza peteroli n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi muri Megizike. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli byo muri Megizike byoherezwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi binyuze muri iki cyambu, kandi ibicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi nka kawa n'isukari nabyo byoherezwa mu mahanga.
(3) Korohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bworoshye
Ifitanye isano ya hafi n'imihanda na gari ya moshi imbere mu gihugu cya Megizike, kandi ishobora gutwara ibicuruzwa neza mu duce dukomeye tw'abaguzi n'inganda mu gihugu. Urusobe rw'ubwikorezi rufasha mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y'inkombe z'inyanja n'uturere tw'imbere mu gihugu.
Ibindi byambu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa:
1. Icyambu cya Altamira
Icyambu cya Altamira, giherereye muri leta ya Tamaulipas, ni icyambu cy'ingenzi cy'inganda cyibanda ku gutwara imizigo myinshi, harimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Giherereye hafi y'inganda kandi ni ahantu hagomba guhagarara ku nganda n'abashoramari bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
-Kwibanda ku mizigo myinshi n'iy'amazi, cyane cyane mu rwego rwa peteroli.
-Kugira ibikorwa remezo bigezweho n'ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo neza.
-Ungukirwa n'ahantu heza ho gukorera ibikorwa remezo hafi y'inganda nini.
2. Icyambu cya Progreso
Iherereye mu gace ka Yucatan, icyambu cya Progreso gikorera ahanini inganda z’ubukerarugendo n’uburobyi, ariko kinashinzwe ubwikorezi bw’imizigo. Ni icyambu cy’ingenzi mu gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi mu mahanga, cyane cyane umutungo w’ubuhinzi ukungahaye muri ako karere.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
-Ikora nk'irembo ry'amato y'ubukerarugendo n'ubukerarugendo.
-Gucunga imizigo myinshi n'imizigo rusange, cyane cyane ibikomoka ku buhinzi.
-Ihujwe n'imihanda minini kugira ngo ikwirakwizwe neza.
3. Icyambu cya Ensenada
Icyambu cya Ensenada giherereye ku nkombe y'inyanja ya Pasifika hafi y'umupaka wa Amerika, kizwi cyane kubera uruhare rwacyo mu gutwara imizigo n'ubukerarugendo. Ni icyambu cy'ingenzi mu kwinjiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane ijya cyangwa iva muri Kaliforuniya.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
-Gutwara imizigo itandukanye, harimo n'imizigo ikoreshwa mu makontenari n'imizigo myinshi.
-Ahantu hazwi cyane ho gusura amato, hateza imbere ubukerarugendo bwo mu gace.
-Kuba hafi y'umupaka wa Amerika byoroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Buri cyambu cyo muri Megizike gifite imbaraga n'imiterere byihariye bifasha ubwoko butandukanye bw'imizigo n'inganda. Uko ubucuruzi hagati ya Megizike n'Ubushinwa bukomeza kwiyongera, ibi byambu bizagira uruhare runini mu guhuza Megizike n'Ubushinwa. Ibigo by'ubwikorezi, nkaCMA CGM, amasosiyete y'ubucuruzi, n'ibindi yabonye ubushobozi bw'inzira zo muri Megizike. Nk'abatwara imizigo, tuzakomeza kugendana n'igihe kandi duhe abakiriya serivisi zuzuye mpuzamahanga z'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 18-2024
