Gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahangaLeta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerikaigenzurwa cyane na gahunda yo kurengera imisoro n'imipaka ya Amerika (CBP). Iki kigo gishinzwe kugenzura no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, gukusanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, no kubahiriza amategeko ya Amerika. Gusobanukirwa inzira y'ibanze yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bya Gasutamo muri Amerika bishobora gufasha ubucuruzi n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kurangiza iyi gahunda y'ingenzi neza.
1. Inyandiko zo mbere yo kugera
Mbere y'uko ibicuruzwa bigera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umutumiza agomba gutegura no gutanga inyandiko zikenewe kuri CBP. Muri izi zirimo:
- Inyandiko y'ubwikorezi (imizigo yo mu mazi) cyangwa Air Waybill (gutwara ibintu mu kirere): Inyandiko yatanzwe n'umukozi utwara ibicuruzwa yemeza ko yakiriye ibicuruzwa bigomba koherezwa.
- Inyemezabuguzi y'Ubucuruzi: Inyemezabuguzi irambuye ivuye ku mugurisha ijya ku muguzi igaragaza ibicuruzwa, agaciro kabyo n'amasezerano yo kugurisha.
- Urutonde rw'ibipaki: Inyandiko igaragaza ibikubiye, ingano n'uburemere bwa buri paki.
- Ifishi yo Kugera (Ifishi ya CBP 7533): Ifishi ikoreshwa mu gutangaza ko imizigo igeze.
- Gutanga amakuru ku mutekano w’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu (ISF): Bizwi kandi nk’itegeko rya “10+2”, risaba abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu gutanga amakuru 10 kuri CBP nibura amasaha 24 mbere yuko imizigo ishyirwa mu bwato bwerekeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
2. Kwiyandikisha mu kuhagera no mu kwinjira
Uwinjije ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyangwa umuhuza we wa gasutamo, akigera ku cyambu cyo muri Amerika, agomba kohereza ubusabe bwo kwinjira muri CBP. Ibi bikubiyemo kohereza:
- Incamake y'ibyashyizwe mu bikorwa (Ifishi ya CBP 7501): Iyi fomu itanga amakuru arambuye ku bicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga, harimo no gushyira mu byiciro, agaciro kabyo, n'igihugu byaturutsemo.
- Ingwate y'imisoro ku misoro: Icyemezo cy'amafaranga cy'uko utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga azubahiriza amabwiriza yose ya gasutamo kandi akishyura imisoro, imisoro n'ibindi byose.
3. Isuzuma ry'ibanze
Abapolisi ba CBP bakora igenzura rya mbere, basuzuma inyandiko kandi basuzuma ingaruka zijyanye n'ibyoherezwa. Iri suzuma rya mbere rifasha kumenya niba ibyoherezwa bisaba igenzura ryinshi. Igenzura rya mbere rishobora kuba rikubiyemo:
- Isuzuma ry'inyandiko: Kugenzura niba inyandiko zatanzwe ari ukuri kandi zuzuye. (Igihe cyo gusuzuma: mu masaha 24)
- Sisitemu yo Kwita ku Bintu Bikora (ATS): Ikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kumenya imizigo ishobora kwangirika hashingiwe ku bipimo bitandukanye.
4. Igenzura rya kabiri
Iyo habayeho ikibazo mu igenzura rya mbere, cyangwa hagatoranywa igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa ku buryo butunguranye, hazakorwa igenzura rya kabiri. Muri iri genzura rirambuye, abakozi ba CBP bashobora:
- Igenzura ritabangamiye (NII): Gukoresha imashini za X-ray, ibyuma bipima imirasire cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa mu kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitabifunguye. (Igihe cyo kubigenzura: mu masaha 48)
- Igenzura ry'umubiri: Fungura kandi ugenzure ibiri mu bicuruzwa. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: iminsi irenga 3-5 y'akazi)
- Igenzura rya Manual (MET): Ubu ni bwo buryo buhamye bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byo muri Amerika. Kontineri yose izajyanwa ahantu hagenwe na gasutamo. Ibicuruzwa byose biri muri kontineri bizafungurwa kandi bigenzurwe kimwe kimwe. Niba hari ibintu bikekwa, abakozi ba gasutamo bazamenyeshwa gukora igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo kugenzura butwara igihe kinini, kandi igihe cyo kugenzura kizakomeza kwiyongera bitewe n’ikibazo. (Igihe cyo kugenzura: iminsi 7-15)
5. Isuzuma ry'Umusoro n'Iyishyurwa
Abakozi ba CBP basuzuma imisoro, imisoro n'amafaranga akoreshwa hashingiwe ku byiciro by'ibicuruzwa n'agaciro kabyo. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwishyura ayo mafaranga mbere yuko ibicuruzwa birekurwa. Ingano y'imisoro iterwa n'ibintu bikurikira:
- Urutonde rw'ibiciro bihuriweho (HTS): Icyiciro cyihariye ibicuruzwa bishyirwamo.
- Igihugu cy'inkomoko: Igihugu ibicuruzwa bikorerwamo cyangwa bikorerwamo.
- Amasezerano y'Ubucuruzi: Amasezerano yose y'ubucuruzi ashobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro.
6. Gutangaza no Gutanga
Iyo igenzura rirangiye kandi imisoro imaze kwishyurwa, CBP irekura ibicuruzwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Iyo utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa umuhuzabikorwa we wa gasutamo abonye itangazo ryo kubirekura, ibicuruzwa bishobora koherezwa aho byagombaga kugera.
7. Gukurikiza amategeko nyuma yo kwinjira mu kigo
CBP ihora igenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubika neza inyandiko z’ibikorwa kandi bashobora gukorerwa igenzura n’igenzura. Kutubahiriza ibyo bikorwa bishobora gutera ibihano, amande cyangwa ifatwa ry’ibicuruzwa.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo muri Amerika ni igice cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Amerika. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo muri Amerika bituma inzira yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa igenda neza kandi ikora neza, bityo bikorohereza kwinjira kw'ibicuruzwa muri Amerika mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.
Ushobora gushaka kumenya:
Amafaranga asanzwe akoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi yo kugeza ibicuruzwa ku nzu n'inzu muri Amerika
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Nzeri 2024
