Ubwikorezi bw'indegeno kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa vuba ni uburyo bubiri buzwi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu ndege, ariko bifite intego zitandukanye kandi bifite imiterere yabyo. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo byombi bishobora gufasha ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku byo bakeneye mu kohereza ibicuruzwa.
1. Umuntu utandukanye uhagarariye abandi
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo mu kirere ni uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo binyuze mu ndege, ubusanzwe ku mizigo minini kandi iremereye. Bukunze gukoreshwa mu gutwara imizigo myinshi nk'imashini, ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa byinshi. Uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo mu kirere ni umurongo umwe w'ubwikorezi bw'indege wubatswe n'amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y'ubwikorezi cyangwa amasosiyete atwara imizigo mu buryo bwa vuba binyuze mu gutumiza cyangwa gukodesha indege nini. Ubu buryo busanzwe butanga ibisubizo byoroshye byo gutwara imizigo kugira ngo buhuze n'ibyo abakiriya batandukanye bakeneye.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Inzego zikora mu gutanga serivisi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni amasosiyete y’umwuga yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, nka DHL, UPS, FedEx n’andi masosiyete mpuzamahanga azwi cyane yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Aya masosiyete afite umuyoboro munini ku isi, harimo amashami, ibiro, ibigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa ndetse n’imodoka nyinshi zitwara abantu n’ibintu hirya no hino ku isi.
2. Igihe cyo gutanga gitandukanye
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Kugera ku gihe kw'ingendo mpuzamahanga mu kirere bifitanye isano ahanini n'imikorere myiza n'imbaraga by'indege, igihe cy'ingendo zo ku kibuga cy'indege, niba hari inzira zo gutwara abantu, ndetse n'umuvuduko wo kwishyura ibicuruzwa by'indege aho bijya. Muri rusange, igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa gitinda gato ugereranije n'igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hafi yaIminsi 3-10Ariko ku bicuruzwa binini kandi biremereye, gutwara ibintu mu kirere mpuzamahanga bishobora kuba amahitamo meza kurushaho.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa vuba ni uko igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyihuta. Mu bihe bisanzwe, bisabaIminsi 3-5kugera mu gihugu kigiyemo. Ku bihugu biri hafi kandi bifite urugendo rugufi rw'indege, bishobora kuhagera umunsi umwe vuba. Ibi bituma kohereza vuba biba byiza ku byoherezwa byihutirwa kandi bisaba koherezwa vuba.
3. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kwemerera abantu kwishyura gasutamo
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Ibigo mpuzamahanga bitwara imizigo mu kirere ubusanzwe bifite serivisi zo gutanga imenyekanisha rya gasutamo mu gihugu imbere n'izo mu gihugu, ibyo bikaba bishobora guha abakiriya serivisi z'umwuga zo gutanga imenyekanisha rya gasutamo. Byongeye kandi, bishobora no gufasha abakiriya mu gukemura ibibazo by'imisoro n'amahoro mu gihugu baganamo no gutanga serivisi.inzu ku yindiserivisi zo gutanga ibicuruzwa, bigabanya cyane uburyo abakiriya bahura n'ibibazo by'ubwikorezi n'ikiguzi.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Ibigo mpuzamahanga bicuruza ibicuruzwa bihita biguruka (express) bikunze kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa hamwe binyuze mu nzira zo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bihita biguruka. Ubu buryo bushobora guhura n’ibyago byo gufungwa mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe aho kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa biguruka bigorana. Kubera ko kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa biguruka (express) bikunze kwemeza imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byihariye cyangwa by’ingenzi bishobora kuba bidakomeye bihagije.
4. Ibyiza bitandukanye
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Ingendo mpuzamahanga zo gutwara imizigo mu kirere zifite akarusho ko ku giciro gito. Muri icyo gihe, zishobora kandi gukora imenyekanisha rya gasutamo mu gihugu, igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa, imenyekanisha rya gasutamo mu mahanga n’izindi nzira ku bakiriya, bikagabanya abakozi n’amafaranga y’igihugu kijyamo ku bigo n’abagurisha porogaramu. Nubwo igihe kigenda buhoro ugereranyije n’igihe, ni amahitamo meza ku gutwara imizigo mu buryo buhendutse kandi butwara igihe.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Express itanga serivisi imwe ku nzu, bivuze gufata ibicuruzwa ku muntu ubitumiza, kubitumiza, kubigurisha kuri gasutamo, hanyuma ukabigeza ku muntu ubikeneye. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga serivisi bworohereza cyane abakiriya, cyane cyane abaguzi ku giti cyabo n'abakiriya b'ubucuruzi buciriritse, kuko badakwiye guhangayikishwa cyane n'uburyo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa no kubitunganya hagati.
5. Ubwoko bw'imizigo n'amabwiriza yo gutwara
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Ikwiriye gutwara ibicuruzwa binini, biremereye, bifite agaciro kanini cyangwa bikoresha igihe. Urugero, gutwara imashini nini n'ibikoresho binini, ibice by'imodoka, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Kubera ko ubushobozi bw'indege bwo gutwara imizigo ari bwinshi, ifite akamaro ko gutwara ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe binini.
Ariko, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere mpuzamahanga bifite amabwiriza akomeye ku bunini, uburemere n'ibipfunyika by'ibicuruzwa. Ingano n'uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kurenza urugero rw'ubwikorezi bw'indege, bitabaye ibyo hakenewe gahunda zihariye zo gutwara ibintu n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ku gutwara ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byihariye nk'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga n'ibicuruzwa bishobora gushya, hagomba gukurikizwa amabwiriza n'amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ubwikorezi bw'indege, kandi hagomba gukorwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gupakira no gutangaza ibicuruzwa.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Ikwiriye cyane cyane inyandiko zo kohereza, udupaki duto, ingero n'ibindi bicuruzwa byoroheje n'ibito. Ikwiriye cyane mu bihe by'ubucuruzi nko guhaha ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka ku bakoresha ku giti cyabo no kohereza inyandiko ku bigo.
Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa "express delivery" ku rwego mpuzamahanga bifite imbogamizi nke ku bicuruzwa, ariko hari amabwiriza y'ibanze, nko kubuza gutwara ibintu bitemewe kandi gutwara ibintu by'amazi bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu gupakira.
6. Imiterere y'ikiguzi n'ibiciro bifatwa nk'ibikenewe
Ubwikorezi bw'indege:
Ibiciro bigizwe ahanini n'ibiciro by'imizigo yo mu kirere, ibiciro by'inyongera kuri lisansi, amafaranga y'umutekano, n'ibindi. Igiciro cy'imizigo gikunze kwishyurwa hakurikijwe uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa, kandi hari intera zitandukanye, 45 kg, 100 kg, 300 kg, 500 kg, 1000 kg no hejuru.
Byongeye kandi, ibiciro by’inyongera bya lisansi bizahinduka bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi andi mafaranga nk’ay’umutekano yishyurwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibibuga by’indege n’ibigo by’indege. Ku bakiriya bamwe na bamwe b’ibigo bafite ibicuruzwa byinshi byo kohereza igihe kirekire, bashobora gusinya amasezerano y’igihe kirekire n’ibigo bitwara imizigo kugira ngo baharanire ibiciro byiza n’amabwiriza ya serivisi.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
Imiterere y'ibiciro iragoye cyane, harimo ibiciro by'ibanze by'imizigo, ibiciro by'inyongera ku bicuruzwa biri kure, ibiciro by'inyongera ku bicuruzwa biremereye, ibiciro by'imisoro, n'ibindi. Igipimo cy'ibanze cy'imizigo gikunze kubarwa hashingiwe ku buremere n'aho ibicuruzwa bijya, naho ibiciro by'inyongera ku bicuruzwa biri kure ni ibiciro by'inyongera byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe tutameze neza cyangwa turi kure.
Inyongera ku buremere burenze urugero ni amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa iyo ibicuruzwa birengeje uburemere runaka. Inyongera ku misoro ni imisoro itangwa ku bicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga hakurikijwe amategeko agenga gasutamo y'igihugu kijyamo. Ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki akenshi bifasha abakiriya gutanga no kwishyura imisoro, ariko iki gice cy'ikiguzi cyishyurwa n'umukiriya.
Ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu buryo bwa "Express" kirasobanutse neza. Abakiriya bashobora kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibiciro binyuze ku rubuga rwemewe cyangwa inzira za serivisi ku bakiliya z'ikigo gitanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa "Express". Ariko, ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa serivisi zidasanzwe, hashobora kuba hakenewe andi mafaranga y'inyongera.
Amaherezo, guhitamo hagati yo gutwara ibintu mu kirere no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa vuba biterwa n'ibikenewe byihariye byo kohereza ibicuruzwa, harimo ingano, ubwihutirwe n'ingengo y'imari. Mu gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubu buryo bubiri bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere, ibigo n'abantu ku giti cyabo bashobora gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse neza kugira ngo bahuze neza ibyo bakeneye mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byabo.
Hamagara Senghor Logisticskugira ngo tugufashe gutanga igisubizo cyiza cy’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigere aho bijya mu mutekano, vuba kandi mu buryo buhendutse. Turagushyigikira dutanga serivisi z’ubuhanga kandi nziza zo gutwara ibintu, bigufasha gukora ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa mu mutekano, dufasha abakiriya benshi nkawe kuzana ibicuruzwa byiza ku isoko mpuzamahanga mu buryo bunoze no kugera ku bikorwa byiza kurushaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 12 Nzeri 2024
