Mofepedi oa Thepa ea Kariki khahlanong le Mofepedi: Phapang ke efe?
Haeba o ameha kgwebong ya matjhaba, mohlomong o kile wa kopana le mantswe a kang “freight forwarder”, “shipping line” kapa “shippempan”, le “airline”. Le hoja kaofela a bapala karolo ho tsamaiseng thepa ho tshela meedi, mesebetsi ya ona le boleng ba ona ho ba rekang thepa kantle ho naha di fapana haholo.
Mohala oa ho romela thepa kapa sefofane ke eng?
Mehala ea ho romela thepa kapa lik'hamphani tsa ho romela thepa (mohlala, Maersk, MSC, CMA CGM) le lifofane (mohlala, FedEx, Lufthansa Cargo, kapa CA, CZ, MU Chaena) ke "bajari". Ba na le thepa ea 'mele le ho e sebelisa - likepe, lifofane le lijana - tse tsamaisang thepa lefatšeng ka bophara. Ba laola ka kotloloho litsela tsa ho romela thepa le sebaka sa ho romela thepa, 'me boikarabello ba bona bo boholo ke ho fana ka sebaka sa lipalangoang tsa thepa lipakeng tsa likou kapa boema-fofane.
Litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa bajari:
1. Tsepamisa maikutlo hodima dipalangwang tse tlohang ntlheng e nngwe ho ya ho e nngwe.
2. Rekisa sebaka (mohlala, sekoti sa setshelo kapa palete ea thepa ea moea) ho barekisi ba thepa kapa ka ho toba ho barekisi ba thepa e kholo.
3. Boikarabelo bo fela ha thepa e laetsoa/e laolwa boema-kepeng ba moo thepa e tswang teng/eo e yang teng kapa boema-fofaneng.
4. Ka ntle ho lipalangoang, lik'hamphani tsa likepe le lifofane ha li sebetse haholo lits'ebetsong tse ling, tse kang phatlalatso ea thepa, ho hula thepa ka hare ho naha (ho tloha fekthering ho ea koung), le ho hlakola thepa ea lekgetho koung eo e eang ho eona. Hangata ba romellang thepa ba tlameha ho sebetsana le tsena ka bobona kapa ho li hira ho mekhatlo e meng.
Sesebelisoa sa ho tsamaisa thepa ke eng?
Mokhanni oa thepa (joalo kaSenghor Logistics!) e sebetsa e le "molekane le mokena-lipakeng oa hau oa thepa". Ha re na likepe kapa lifofane empa re sebelisa likamano le bajari ba bangata ho rala litharollo tsa ketane ea phepelo ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong tse etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa hau. Bajari ba thepa ba fana ka tšebeletso e felletseng haholoanyane, e akaretsang ts'ebetso eohle ea thomello, ho tloha pheletsong e ka pele ho isa qetellong.
Litšebeletso tsa bohlokoa tse fanoang ke barekisi ba thepa:
1. Moralo oa litharollo tsa thepa tsa mekhoa e mengata: Moo li fumanehang, re bapisathepa ea likepe, thepa ea moea, thepa ea terene, le dikgetho tsa ho romela dipalangwang tsa tsela ho ntlafatsa ditjeo, lebelo le botshepehi.
2. Litokomane le ho latela melao: Re thusa beng ba thepa ho bokella litokomane tsa phatlalatso ea lekhetho (joalo ka li-invoice tsa khoebo le netefatso ea lethathamo la ho paka), re ikopanya le barekisi ba lekhetho bakeng sa phatlalatso ea kantle ho naha, re hlophisa literaka tse kenang ka hare ho naha (ho tloha fekthering ho ea polokelong ea thepa koung ea ho tloha), le ho hokahanya ho kena le ho hlahloba thepa.
3. Ho kopanya thepa: Ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa LCL (Mojaro o ka tlase ho oa likhonteinara) lelits'ebeletso tsa ho kopanyaho fokotsa litšenyehelo bakeng sa thepa e nyenyane e romelloang.
4. Buisana le lik'hamphani tsa thomello: Latela tsoelo-pele ea ho behela thepa, netefatsa sebaka sa thomello le lik'hamphani tsa thomello, fumana lipampiri tsa thomello, 'me u li ise ho beng ba thepa kapa baemeli koung eo u eang ho eona.
5. Ho hlakola thepa ea lekgetho: Laola khoebo ea lekgetho moo thepa e tsoang teng le moo e eang teng ho qoba tieho kapa likotlo.
6. Inshorense ea thepa: Fana ka likhetho tsa tšireletso ho sireletsa thepa ea hau khahlanong le likotsi tsa lipalangoang.
7. Buisana le baemeli ba lehae: Ikopanye le baemeli ba koung eo u eang ho eona, thusa beng ba thepa ka tumello ea lekhetho koung eo u eang ho eona, lokisetsa ho tlisoa ha thepa ka hare ho naha (ho tsamaisa thepa ho tloha koung ho ea atereseng ea thomello), le ho sebetsana le litaba tsa thomello (mohlala, tieho ea thepa, liphetoho tsa litokomane).
Hobaneng o lokela ho kgetha morekisi wa thepa ho ena le ho buella ka ho toba le morekisi?
| Karolo | Mofepedi oa thepa | Sepalami (Mohala oa ho romella/Sefofane) |
| Sekhahla sa Tšebeletso | Ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong: thepa ea ntlo le ntlo, litokomane, le meetlo | Ntlha ho tloha ntlheng ho ea ho e 'ngoe: koung/boema-fofane ho ea koung/boema-fofane feela |
| Ho tenyetseha | Likhetho tsa mekhoa e mengata le litharollo tse etselitsoeng uena | E lekanyelitsoe ho litsela le kemiso ea bona feela |
| Bokgoni ba ditjeo | Litefiso tse buisanoang, tšebeletso ea kopanyo e fanoa | Litefiso tse tloaelehileng; ha ho kopanyo |
| Taolo ea likotsi | E sebetsana le mekhelo, inshorense, le ho latela melao | Boikarabello bo lekanyelitsoeng; ha ho tšehetso ka ntle ho lipalangoang |
| Puisano | Ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho ikopanya bakeng sa ts'ebetso eohle | Ho hlokahala mabitso a mangata bakeng sa mekhahlelo e fapaneng |
Mabapi le mesebetsi, dikhamphani tsa thomello ke "baphethahatsi ba dipalangwang" mme ba tsamaisang thepa ke "bakopanyi ba ditshebeletso." Ba tsamaisang thepa ba ikopanya le dikhamphani tsa thomello ka ba tsamaisang thepa, ha e le hantle ba fapanyetsana "ditefiso tsa tshebeletso" bakeng sa "ho nolofatsa tshebetso," ha dikhamphani tsa thomello di netefatsa "bokgoni ba mantlha ba ho romela thepa."
U Lokela ho Sebetsa le Freight Forwarder Neng?
1. O romela thepa khafetsa 'me o hloka balekane ba tsitsitseng le ba tšepahalang ba thepa.
2. O batla "phokotso ea litšenyehelo" ka ho kopanya kapa tšebeletso ea LCL.
3. Ha o batle ho sebetsana le ho hlakola thepa ea lekgetho 'me o khetha theko e kenyeletsang tsohle ha thepa e fihla atereseng ea hau (monyako le monyakotšebeletso).
4. Thomello ea hau e hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng (mohlala, ho hlokahala mangolo a ho tjhesa bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa patsi e tiileng tse tsoang Australia le New Zealand, kapa thepa ea hau e tsoang kantle e na le litlhoko tsa mocheso).
5. O nka ponahalo le puisano e sebetsang nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea ho romella thepa e le ea bohlokoa.
Mohlomong u kile ua utloa ka lentsoe "NVOCC", e emelang Sekepe se Tloaelehileng se Seng sa ho Sebetsa ka Sekepe. Li-NVOCC ke barekisi ba thepa ba se nang likepe tse sebelisoang bakeng sa lipalangoang, empa ho e-na le hoo ba sebetsa e le barekisi ka ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa ho romella thepa ho ba romellang thepa. Li-NVOCC li fana ka likoloto tsa bona tsa ho tsamaisa thepa, tse sebetsang e le konteraka ea lipalangoang pakeng tsa NVOCC le morekisi. Li kopanya thepa ho tsoa ho barekisi ba bangata hore e be thepa e le 'ngoe, ebe e tsamaisoa ke likepe tse tsamaisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa likepe tsa mokha oa boraro.
NVOCC e tšepahalang e na le boiphihlelo le botumo bo lekaneng; e na le mangolo a tumello a lumellanang le melao; e na le mehloli e matla ea marang-rang a thepa, ho kenyeletsoa lik'hamphani tsa likepe, likou, jj.; e ka fana ka litefiso tse hlakileng tsa thepa; 'me e fana ka tšebeletso ea bareki ea boleng bo holimo ho rarolla mathata a bareki a ho romella thepa neng kapa neng; 'me e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litšebeletso tse felletseng, ho kenyeletsoa polokelo ea thepa, kabo, ho tlosoa ha thepa le inshorense ea thepa ho fihlela litlhoko tsohle tsa thepa ea ba rekang thepa kantle ho naha.
Ha bajari ba tsamaisa thepa, ba tsamaisang thepa ba tsamaisa liketane tsa phepelo. Jwalo ka ba tsamaisang thepa ya hao, re sebeletsa jwalo ka katoloso ya sehlopha sa hao—re fana ka tshebeletso ya botsebi le ya boleng bo hodimo ka hara tekanyetso ya hao ho netefatsa hore thepa ya hao e fihla ka nako.
Senghor Logisticske mofani oa litšebeletso tse felletseng tsa ho tsamaisa thepa ea thepa ea sefofane, thepa ea likepe, tšebeletso ea ntlo le ntlo, le ntlafatso ea ketane ea phepelo, jj. Hape re NVOCC e nang le likonteraka le lik'hamphani tsa likepe le lifofane, e fanang ka phihlello ea pele ho sebaka sa ho romella thepa le litheko. Ntle le moo, re fana ka tšehetso ea ho tlisa thepa ea ntlo le ntlo, ho nolofatsa moroalo oa hau le ho u bolokela nako le boiteko.
U se u loketse ho nolofatsa thomello ea hau ea machabeng?Iteanye le ronakajeno bakeng sa tharollo ea thepa e ikhethileng e behang khoebo ea hau pele.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-17-2025
