Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweNkqubo yokuThuthwa kweMizigo yoLwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eOstreliya kunye nokuba zeziphi iiZibuko ezibonelela ngokuSebenza kakuhle kokuSusa iiRhafu
Kwabathumeli bempahla abafuna ukuthumela impahla evela eTshayina ukuyaOstreliya, ukuqonda inkqubo yokuthutha ngolwandle kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ucwangciso lwezothutho olufike ngexesha, olungabizi kakhulu, noluhamba kakuhle. Njengabathuthi beempahla abaziingcali, siza kubonelela ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwenkqubo yonke yokuthumela kwaye sigxininise ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwempahla kwiizibuko ezahlukeneyo zase-Australia ukukunceda uphucule uthungelwano lwakho lokuhambisa impahla.
Ukuqonda Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa
Imithwalo yolwandleyenye yezona ndlela zingabizi kakhulu zokuthumela imithwalo emikhulu kumgama omde. Isebenzisa iinqanawa zeekhonteyina ukuthutha iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso, ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwiimpahla ezigqityiweyo. Kwabangenisi base-Australia, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evela eTshayina kuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ikufutshane nendawo kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuthumela impahla.
Iingenelo eziphambili zoThutho lwaseLwandle
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngolwandle kudla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kunezothutho ngomoya, ingakumbi xa kuthuthwa impahla eninzi.
2. Ubungakanani: Iinqanawa zeekhonteyina zinokuthutha imithwalo emininzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele abathumeli bempahla abanesidingo esikhulu sezothutho.
3. Impembelelo kwiNdalo: Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla elwandle kunokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswauloyiko lomoya.
Isishwankathelo seNkqubo yoThutho lweeNqanawa oluya eTshayina ukuya e-Australia
Inyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela kunye nokuBhukisha
- Uhlu lwemveliso: Chonga ikhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo yeempahla zakho, njengoko oku kuchaphazela irhafu, irhafu, kunye nemigaqo yokungenisa impahla.
- Khetha i-incoterm: Chaza ngokucacileyo uxanduva (umz., i-FOB, i-CIF, i-EXW) nomthengisi wakho.
- Bhukisha indawo yokuthumela impahla: Sebenzisana nomntu othumela impahla ukuze ufumane indawo yeekhonteyina (i-FCL okanye i-LCL) kwiinqanawa ezihamba ukusuka kumazibuko aseTshayina ukuya e-Australia. Ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, qinisekisa iishedyuli zokuthumela impahla kunye nenkampani yokuthumela impahla kunye nomntu othumela impahla kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 kwangaphambili; ngamaxesha aphakamileyo njengeKrisimesi, ngoLwesihlanu oluMnyama, okanye ngaphambi koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, cwangcisa kwangethuba. Ngeempahla ze-LCL (ezingaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli), zizise kwindawo yokugcina impahla emiselweyo yomntu othumela impahla; ngeempahla ze-FCL (Full Container Load), umntu othumela impahla uya kulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kweelori kwindawo emiselweyo ukuze zilayishwe.
Inyathelo lesi-2: UkuVunywa kweMithetho yoThumelo ngaphandle eTshayina
- Umthengisi wakho okanye umntu othumela impahla uphatha izibhengezo zokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe.
- Amaxwebhu afunekayo adla ngokuquka:
- I-invoyisi yentengiso
- Uluhlu lokupakisha
- Ityala lokhwela
- Isiqinisekiso semvelaphi (ukuba siyasebenza)
- Isatifikethi sokufutha (Ukuba iimpahla ziqulethe upakisho lomthi, unyango lokufutha kufuneka lugqitywe kwangaphambili, kwaye kufuneka kulungiswe iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe imiqobo elandelayo yokususwa kwempahla.)
- Iimpahla zithuthwa zisiwe kwizibuko lokulayisha (umz., eShanghai, eNingbo, eShenzhen).
Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukuthutha iinqanawa kunye nokuThutha eLwandle
-Izibuko eziphambili zaseTshayina: iShanghai, iNingbo, iShenzhen, iQingdao, iTianjin, iXiamen, njl.
- Amazibuko amakhulu aseOstreliya: iSydney, iMelbourne, iBrisbane, iFremantle, iAdelaide.
- Ixesha lokuhamba:
- East Coast Australia (eSydney, eMelbourne): Iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezingama-22
- Unxweme oluseNtshona (eFremantle): iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-18
Iinqanawa zihlala zidlula kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuthutha imithwalo ezifana neSingapore okanye iPort Klang.
Ngeli nqanaba, imeko yemithwalo ingalandelelwa ngexesha langempela ngenkqubo yokulandelela imithwalo yenkampani yokuthumela.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Amaxwebhu angaphambi kokufika kunye neemfuno zase-Australia
- Isibhengezo seeRhafu zase-Australia: Singeniswe ngeNkqubo yeMithwalo eDibeneyo (i-ICS) ngaphambi kokufika.
- ISebe lezoLimo, Amanzi kunye nokusiNgqongileyo (DAWE): Iimpahla ezininzi zifuna ukuhlolwa okanye unyango lokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo.
- Ezinye Iziqinisekiso: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpahla (umz., umbane, izinto zokudlala), imvume eyongezelelweyo ingafuneka.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukusebenza kweZibuko kunye nokuSuswa kweMithetho e-Australia
Emva kokuba iimpahla zifikile echwebeni, zingena kwinkqubo yokususwa kwerhafu. Umthumeli wempahla okanye umthengisi werhafu uya kunceda ekuthumeleni amaxwebhu afana ne-bill of lading, i-invoyisi, kunye nesatifikethi sokufutha kwi-customs yase-Australia. Emva koko, iirhafu zerhafu kunye neRhafu yeeMpahla kunye neNkonzo (GST) ezimalunga ne-10% ziya kuhlawulwa ngokohlobo lweempahla. Ezinye iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zinokufumana ukukhululwa kwirhafu.
- Ukuba zisusiwe, izikhongozeli ziyakhululwa ukuze zithathwe.
- Ukuba kufuneka uhlolo, kungafuneka ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Uthutho oluya kwindawo yokugqibela
- Izikhongozeli zithuthwa ngeloli okanye ngololiwe ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla, okanye ungalungiselela iilori zokuthutha impahla echwebeni.
- Izikhongozeli ezingenanto zibuyiselwa kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezimiselweyo.
Uhlalutyo Lokusebenza Kakuhle Kweentlawulo ZeeBhangi zase-Australia
Izibuko laseMelbourne:
Iingenelo:Njengezibuko leekhonteyina elikhulu nelixakekileyo e-Australia, eliphatha malunga ne-38% yezithuthi zeekhonteyina zelizwe, liqhayisa ngenethiwekhi exineneyo yeendlela zokuthumela imithwalo kunye neziseko zezibuko eziphuhlileyo. Alinazo nje kuphela izikhululo ezizinikeleyo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zemithwalo kodwa likwasebenzisa inkqubo yentsebenziswano yokususa imithwalo yempahla evuthiweyo, kunye namaqela obuchwephesha basekuhlaleni okususa imithwalo yempahla, ukuze liphathe ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lweempahla, kubandakanya oomatshini, iinxalenye zeemoto, kunye nezinto zokwakha, nto leyo eyenza libe lelona zibuko likhethwayo lokususa imithwalo yemizi-mveliso.
Iingxaki:Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi ngamaxesha athile okanye ukulibaziseka okubangelwa yimozulu.
Eyona ilungele:Impahla ngokubanzi, ukungeniswa kwemveliso kwamanye amazwe, ukusasazwa kumzantsi-mpuma we-Australia.
Izibuko laseSydney (iZityalo zasePort):
Iingenelo:Njengezibuko elikhulu lendalo elisemanzini anzulu kunye nezibuko eliphambili ngokwenani lemithwalo e-Australia, iingenelo zalo zokususwa kwemithwalo zikwinqanaba eliphezulu lokwenziwa kwedijithali kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokususwa kwemithwalo. Eli zibuko liqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokususwa kwemithwalo kwangaphambili ye-Australian Customs, evumela idatha yemithwalo ukuba ingeniswe iiyure ezingama-72 kwangaphambili ngenkqubo ye-ICS, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokulinda kwisiphelo sendlela ngama-60%. Kwizinto zobuqu ezixabisa i-≤ AUD 1000, inkqubo yokususwa kwemithwalo elula iyafumaneka, kunye nokulungiswa okugqityiweyo kwi-avareji yeentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zomsebenzi. Emva kokubhengezwa, imithwalo eqhelekileyo ivunywa nge-elektroniki kunye nokuhlolwa okungacwangciswanga, kwaye ukususwa kwemithwalo ngokubanzi kugqitywa kwi-3 ukuya kwi-7 yokusebenza. I-85% yemithwalo eqhelekileyo ikhutshwa kwi-5 iintsuku zokusebenza, ihlangabezana neemfuno zokususwa kwemithwalo ngokukhawuleza kweempahla zorhwebo lwe-elektroniki ezifana neempahla zabathengi kunye nefenitshala.
Iingxaki:Ingaxinana, ingakumbi ngexesha leeholide ezixakekileyo.
Eyona ilungele:Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngobuninzi, iimpahla zabathengi, uthotho lwezinto ezithengiswayo ezixineneyo.
Izibuko laseBrisbane:
Iingenelo:Njengesikhululo esikhulu seekhonteyina eQueensland, ineendawo zokusebenza ezingama-29 ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokulayisha nokukhupha impahla. Ikwanazo neendawo ezinikezelweyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zempahla, kubandakanya impahla eninzi kunye ne-roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro), ekwaziyo ukusingatha ukususwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla efana nezixhobo zasekhaya, izinto zokwakha, kunye nezixhobo zehardware. Inkqubo yayo yokususwa kwempahla ifanelekile kwiimfuno zokuthutha impahla eninzi kunye nemithwalo ngokubanzi, kunye namaxesha okususwa kwempahla azinzileyo kunye nokusilela okuncinci, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimpahla eziya eQueensland nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo.
Iingxaki:Umthamo omncinci, usenokuba nemigca embalwa yokuthumela ngokuthe ngqo.
Eyona ilungele:Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe eQueensland nakumantla e-NSW.
I-Fremantle Port (ePerth):
Iingenelo:Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kweempahla ezingathintelwanga, ukuxinana okuncinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimithwalo esiya e-WA.
Iingxaki:Ixesha elide lokuhamba ukusuka eTshayina, kunciphe ukuhamba ngeenqanawa ngeveki.
Eyona ilungele:Izixhobo zemigodi, ukuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe, amashishini agxile e-WA.
I-Adelaide kunye nabanye
Amazibuko amancinci anokuba nesithuba esicothayo ngenxa yokungaqeshwa rhoqo kwabasebenzi kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo ezimbalwa.
Ingasebenza kakuhle kwimithwalo ethile, engenamngcipheko uphantsi xa ibhalwe kwangaphambili.
Iingcebiso zokukhawulezisa ukuVulwa kweMithetho kwiZibuko nakweliphi na
1. Ukuchaneka koXwebhu: Qinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu ayahambelana ngokupheleleyo.
2. Sebenzisa iiLayisensi zeRhafu zeRhafu: Bayiqonda imithetho yase-Australia kwaye banokungenisa amaxwebhu kwangaphambili.
3. Thobela iMimiselo yoKhuseleko lweZinto eziphilayo: Phatha imithi, ukupakisha, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngokufanelekileyo.
4. UkuVunywa kwangaphambili: Ngenisa amaxwebhu kwangethuba kangangoko usebenzisa inkqubo ye-ICS (Independent Customs Service).
5. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, lungiselela iimpahla kwangaphambili ngexesha leeholide ezixakekileyo kwaye udibane nabathumeli bempahla kunye nendawo yokubhukisha kwangaphambili.
I-Senghor Logistics inamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-10 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye indlela yokuthumela inqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Australia ibisoloko iyeyona ndlela yethu iphambili yokuhambisa imithwalo. Ngamava eminyaka, sikwaqokelele inani labathengisi abathembekileyo.Abathengi baseOstreliyaabebesebenza nathi ukususela ngoko. Sinikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina ukuya eOstreliya, kubandakanya ukucoca irhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwindlu ngendlu, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuthutha egudileyo nengabizi kakhulu.
Ukuze ufunde indlela esinokukunceda ngayo ngeemfuno zakho zothutho lokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, ncedaQhagamshelana nathinamhlanje.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-19-2025
