Umthumeli wempahla vs. Umthwali: Yintoni umahluko
Ukuba ubandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wadibana namagama anje “umphathi wempahla”, “umgca wokuthumela impahla” okanye “inkampani yokuthumela impahla”, kunye “neenqwelo-moya”. Nangona zonke zidlala indima ekuthuthweni kweempahla ngaphesheya kwemida, imisebenzi yazo kunye nexabiso lazo kubangenisi zahlukile kakhulu.
Yintoni inqanawa okanye inqwelo moya?
Iinkampani zokuthutha okanye iinkampani zokuthutha (umz., iMaersk, iMSC, iCMA CGM) kunye neenkampani zeenqwelo-moya (umz., iFedEx, iLufthansa Cargo, okanye iCA, iCZ, iMU eTshayina) “ziinkampani zokuthutha”. Zingabanini kwaye ziqhuba izinto eziphathekayo—iinqanawa, iinqwelo-moya, kunye neekhonteyina—ezithutha iimpahla kwihlabathi liphela. Zilawula ngokuthe ngqo iindlela zokuthutha kunye nendawo yokuthutha, kwaye uxanduva lwazo oluphambili kukubonelela ngendawo yokuthutha impahla phakathi kwamazibuko okanye izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.
Iimpawu eziphambili zabathwali:
1. Gxila ekuthuthweni okuya kwindawo ethile.
2. Thengisa indawo (umz., indawo yokufaka isitya okanye ipalethi yomoya yemithwalo) kubathumeli bempahla okanye ngqo kubathumeli abakhulu.
3. Uxanduva luphela xa iimpahla zilayishwa/zithulwa kwiindawo zokufika/ezokuya kuzo okanye kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.
4. Ngaphandle kwezothutho, iinkampani zokuthutha imithwalo kunye neenqwelo-moya azisebenzi kakhulu kwezinye iinkqubo, ezinje ngokwazisa imithwalo, ukuthutha impahla ngaphakathi elizweni (ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya echwebeni), kunye nokususwa kwerhafu kwizibuko eliya kulo. Abathumeli ngesiqhelo kufuneka baziphathele ezi zinto ngokwabo okanye bazithumele kwamanye ama-arhente.
Yintoni i-trade forwarder?
Umthumeli wempahla (njengoIzinto zoLungiselelo zaseSenghor!) isebenza njenge "qabane lakho lezothutho kunye nomlamli". Asinazo iinqanawa okanye iinqwelomoya kodwa sisebenzisa ubudlelwane neenqwelo-moya ezininzi ukuyila izisombululo zekhonkco lokuhambisa ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho. Abathuthi bemithwalo banikezela ngenkonzo ebanzi ngakumbi, egubungela yonke inkqubo yokuthumela, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.
Iinkonzo eziphambili ezinikezelwa ngabathuthi bempahla:
1. Ucwangciso lwezisombululo ze-logistics zeendlela ezininzi: Apho zifumaneka khona, sithelekisaimithwalo yolwandle, uloyiko lomoya, uthutho lwesitimela, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa ngezithuthi zendlela ukuze kuphuculwe iindleko, isantya, kunye nokuthembeka.
2. Amaxwebhu kunye nokuthobela imithetho: Sinceda abanini bemithwalo ekuqokeleleni amaxwebhu okubhengeza irhafu (afana nee-invoyisi zorhwebo kunye nokuqinisekiswa koluhlu lokupakisha), sinxibelelana nabathengisi berhafu ukuze kubhengezwe ukuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, silungiselele ukuthunyelwa kwelori ngaphakathi elizweni (ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla kwizibuko lokusuka), kwaye silungelelanise ukungena nokuhlolwa kwemithwalo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo: Inikezela ngeenkonzo ze-LCL (ezingaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli) kunyeiinkonzo zokudibanisaukunciphisa iindleko zokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezincinci.
4. Nxibelelana neenkampani zokuthutha impahla: Landelela inkqubela yokubhukisha impahla, qinisekisa indawo yokuthumela impahla neenkampani zokuthutha impahla, fumana amaphepha emithwalo, uze uwahambise kubanini bemithwalo okanye kwiiarhente ezikwizibuko oya kulo.
5. Ukususwa kwerhafu: Lawula ukuthengiswa kwerhafu apho isuka khona nalapho isiya khona ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka okanye izohlwayo.
6. I-inshorensi yempahla: Nika iindlela zokugubungela iimpahla zakho kwiingozi zokuhamba.
7. Nxibelelana neearhente zasekuhlaleni: Nxibelelana neearhente ezikwizibuko apho uya khona, nceda abanini bemithwalo ngokuvunyelwa kwerhafu kwizibuko apho uya khona, lungiselela ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngaphakathi elizweni (ukuthutha impahla ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwidilesi yokuhanjiswa), kwaye uphathe imiba yokuthunyelwa kwempahla (umz., ukulibaziseka kwemithwalo, uhlengahlengiso lwamaxwebhu).
Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Umthengisi Wempahla Kunokuba Ubhukishe Ngqo KuMthwali Wempahla?
| Umbono | Uloyiko ludluliselwe | Umthwali (Umgca wokuthumela/Inqwelo moya) |
| Ububanzi beNkonzo | Ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni: uthutho lomnyango ukuya komnye, uxwebhu, amasiko | I-point-to-point: i-port/i-airport-to-port/i-airport kuphela |
| Ukuguquguquka | Iinketho ze-multimodal kunye nezisombululo ezenzelwe wena | Ilinganiselwe kwiindlela zabo kunye neeshedyuli zabo |
| Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko | Amaxabiso axoxiswanayo, inkonzo yokudibanisa iyabonelelwa | Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo; akukho kuhlanganiswa |
| Ulawulo lwengozi | Ijongana nezithintelo, i-inshorensi, kunye nokuthobela imithetho | Uxanduva olulinganiselweyo; akukho nkxaso ngaphandle kwezothutho |
| Unxibelelwano | Indawo enye yokunxibelelana kuyo yonke inkqubo | Kufuneka oonxibelelwano abaninzi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo |
Ngokuphathelele iindima, iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa "zii-ecutors zothutho" kwaye abathumeli ngempahla "zii-integrators zeenkonzo." Abathumeli ngenqanawa banxibelelana neenkampani zokuthumela ngempahla ngeenqwelo-mafutha, ngokuyintloko betshintshiselana "ngeentlawulo zenkonzo" "ngendlela yokwenza lula inkqubo," ngelixa iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa ziqinisekisa "umthamo ophambili wokuthumela ngenqanawa."
Ufanele Usebenze Nini Nomthengisi Weempahla?
1. Uthumela iimpahla rhoqo kwaye ufuna amaqabane athembekileyo nathembekileyo kwezothutho.
2. Ufuna "ukonga iindleko" ngokuhlanganisa okanye ngenkonzo ye-LCL.
3. Awufuni ukujongana nokususwa kwerhafu kwaye ukhetha ixabiso elibandakanya yonke into xa uhambisa idilesi yakho (umnyango nomnyangoinkonzo).
4. Ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo (umz., kufuneka izatifikethi zokufutha kwiimveliso zomthi oqinileyo ezingeniswe e-Australia naseNew Zealand, okanye iimpahla zakho ezingenisiweyo zinemfuneko yobushushu).
5. Uyakuxabisa ukubonakala kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela.
Usenokuba ukhe weva ngegama elithi "I-NVOCC", emele iNon-Vessel Operating Common Carrier. IiNVOCC ziinkampani zokuthutha impahla ezingezizo ezabo iinqanawa ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha, kodwa endaweni yoko zisebenza njengabathwali ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha kubathumeli. IiNVOCC zikhupha amatyala azo okuthutha impahla, asebenza njengesivumelwano sokuthutha phakathi kweNVOCC nomthumeli. Zidibanisa impahla evela kubathumeli abaninzi ibe yimpahla enye, emva koko ithuthwa ziinqanawa eziqhutywa ziinkampani zokuthutha impahla zangaphandle.
I-NVOCC ethembekileyo inamava aneleyo kunye nodumo; ineelayisenisi ezithobelayo; inezixhobo zothungelwano lwempahla oluqinileyo, kuquka iinkampani zokuthutha, amazibuko, njl.njl.; inokubonelela ngamaxabiso empahla acacileyo; kwaye ibonelela ngenkonzo yabathengi esemgangathweni ophezulu ukusombulula iingxaki zokuthutha zabathengi nangaliphi na ixesha; kwaye ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezibanzi, kubandakanya ukugcina impahla, ukusasazwa, ukususwa kwempahla kunye ne-inshurensi yempahla ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zezothutho zabangenisi.
Ngelixa abathwali behambisa imithwalo, abathuthi bemithwalo bahambisa uthotho lwezinto ezifunekayo. Njengabathuthi bemithwalo yakho, sisebenza njengolwandiso lweqela lakho—sibonelela ngenkonzo yobungcali nesemgangathweni ophezulu ngaphakathi kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufika ngexesha.
Izinto zoLungiselelo zaseSenghorngumboneleli weenkonzo ezipheleleyo zokuhambisa impahla ogxile kwimpahla yomoya, imithwalo yolwandle, inkonzo yokungena emnyango nomnyango, kunye nokwenza ngcono uthungelwano lokuhambisa impahla, njl. Sikwayi-NVOCC enezivumelwano neenkampani zokuhambisa impahla kunye neenqwelo moya, enikezela ngokufikelela ngqo kwindawo yokuthumela impahla kunye namaxabiso. Ngaphandle koko, sinikezela ngenkxaso yokuhambisa impahla emnyango nomnyango, sinciphisa umthwalo wakho kwaye sikongela ixesha kunye nomgudu.
Ukulungele ukwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwakho kwamanye amazwe?Qhagamshelana nathinamhlanje ukuze ufumane isisombululo sezothutho esenziwe ngokwezifiso esibeka ishishini lakho phambili.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-17-2025
