Menya ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi bw'indege
Ubwikorezi bw'indege ni iki?
- Gutwara ibintu mu kirere ni ubwoko bw'ubwikorezi aho amapaki n'ibicuruzwa bitangwa mu kirere.
- Gutwara ibintu mu kirere ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwihuse bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa n'amapaki. Akenshi bukoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwihuse cyangwa iyo intera igomba kugerwaho n'ibyo bicuruzwa ari nini cyane ku bundi buryo bwo kubitanga nko gutwara ibintu mu mazi cyangwa gutwara gari ya moshi.
Ni nde ukoresha ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere?
- Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bikoreshwa n'ibigo bikeneye gutwara ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bihenze bitwara igihe, bifite agaciro kanini, cyangwa bidashobora koherezwa n'ubundi buryo.
- Gutwara imizigo mu kirere nabyo ni amahitamo meza ku bantu bakeneye gutwara imizigo vuba (ni ukuvuga gutwara imizigo mu buryo bwa vuba).
Ni iki gishobora koherezwa binyuze mu ndege?
- Ibintu byinshi bishobora koherezwa mu ndege, ariko hari amategeko amwe agenga 'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga'.
- Ibintu nka aside, gaze ifunze, bleach, ibisasu, ibinyabutabire bishobora gushya, imyuka ishyushye, hamwe n'ibice by'umuriro n'ibikoresho byo gutwika bifatwa nk' 'ibintu biteje akaga' kandi ntibishobora gutwarwa n'indege.
Kuki kohereza mu ndege?
- Hari inyungu nyinshi zo gutwara ibintu mu ndege. Ikigaragara cyane ni uko gutwara ibintu mu kirere byihuta cyane kurusha gutwara ibintu mu mazi cyangwa amakamyo. Ni ryo hitamo rikomeye mu gutwara ibintu mu mahanga mu buryo bwa "express", kuko ibicuruzwa bishobora gutwarwa umunsi ukurikiyeho, uwo munsi.
- Gutwara imizigo mu kirere bigufasha kandi kohereza imizigo yawe hafi aho hose. Ntabwo ugengwa n'imihanda cyangwa ibyambu by'ubwikorezi, bityo ufite ubwisanzure bwinshi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byawe ku bakiriya hirya no hino ku isi.
- Muri rusange kandi hari umutekano mwinshi ujyanye na serivisi zo gutwara ibintu mu kirere. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa byawe bitazava ku mukozi ubikora cyangwa ikamyo ikajya ku yindi, amahirwe yo kwibwa cyangwa kwangirika ni make cyane.
Ibyiza byo kohereza mu ndege
- Umuvuduko: Niba ukeneye kwimura imizigo vuba, wohereze mu ndege. Igihe cyo gutwara imizigo ni iminsi 1-3 hakoreshejwe serivisi y’indege itwara abantu ku buryo bwa "speed air service" cyangwa "air courier", iminsi 5-10 hakoreshejwe izindi serivisi z’indege, n’iminsi 20-45 hakoreshejwe kontineri. Gusuzuma ibicuruzwa ku bibuga by’indege no kubigenzura bifata igihe gito ugereranyije no ku byambu byo mu nyanja.
- Kwizerwa:Indege zikora ku gihe gikwiye, bivuze ko igihe cyo kuhagera no guhaguruka kw'imizigo ari icyo kwizerwa cyane.
- Umutekano: Indege n'ibibuga by'indege bigenzura cyane imizigo, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwibwa no kwangirika.
- Ubuso bw'ibikubiye:Amasosiyete y’indege atanga ubwikorezi bwinshi mu ngendo z’indege ziva ahantu henshi ku isi. Byongeye kandi, imizigo yo mu kirere ishobora kuba ari yo nzira yonyine iboneka yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bidafite inzira.
Ingaruka mbi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu ndege
- Ikiguzi:Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu ndege bihenda cyane kuruta kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mazi cyangwa mu muhanda. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Banki y’Isi bubigaragaza, gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere bihenda inshuro 12-16 kurusha gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja. Nanone, gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere kwishyurwa hashingiwe ku ngano y’imizigo n’uburemere bwayo. Ntabwo bihendutse ku gutwara ibintu biremereye.
- Ikirere:Indege ntizishobora gukora mu bihe bibi nk'inkuba, inkubi y'umuyaga, inkubi y'umucanga, ibihu, n'ibindi. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byawe bitinda kugera aho bijya kandi bigahungabanya uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byawe.
Ibyiza bya Senghor mu kohereza mu ndege
- Twasinye amasezerano ngarukamwaka n'ibigo by'indege, kandi dufite serivisi zo gukodesha no gutwara indege z'ubucuruzi, bityo ibiciro by'indege zacu birahendutse ugereranyije n'amasoko y'ubwikorezi.
- Dutanga serivisi nyinshi zo gutwara imizigo mu kirere haba ku mizigo yoherezwa mu mahanga no mu mahanga.
- Duhuza uburyo bwo gutwara, kubika no gusohora ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo kugira ngo twizere ko imizigo yawe igenda kandi ikagera nk'uko biteganywa.
- Abakozi bacu bafite nibura uburambe bw'imyaka 7 mu nganda zikora ibijyanye n'ibicuruzwa, hamwe n'ibisobanuro birambuye ku byoherezwa n'ibyo abakiriya bacu basaba, tuzabasaba igisubizo cy'ibicuruzwa bihendutse n'ingengabihe.
- Itsinda ryacu rishinzwe abakiriya rizabagezaho uko ibicuruzwa byanyu bihagaze buri munsi, rikumenyesha ibimenyetso by'aho ibicuruzwa byanyu bigeze.
- Dufasha kugenzura mbere y'igihe imisoro n'amahoro by'ibihugu bijyamo abakiriya bacu kugira ngo bakore ingengo y'imari y'ubwikorezi.
- Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mutekano no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwiza ni byo by'ingenzi, tuzasaba ababitanga gupakira neza no gukurikirana inzira yose yo gutwara ibintu, no kugura ubwishingizi bw'ibyoherezwa byawe nibiba ngombwa.
Uburyo ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bikora
- (Mu by’ukuri, niba utubwiye ibyo ukeneye kohereza hamwe n’itariki iteganijwe yo kohereza, tuzahuza kandi dutegure inyandiko zose hamwe nawe hamwe n’umutanga serivisi, kandi tuzaza aho uri igihe cyose dukeneye ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa dukeneye kwemeza inyandiko zawe.)
Ni iyihe nzira y'imikorere y'ibikoresho mpuzamahanga byo gutwara ibintu mu kirere?
Uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga:
- 1. Ikibazo: Tanga amakuru arambuye ku bicuruzwa kuri Senghor Logistics, nk'izina, uburemere, ingano, ikibuga cy'indege gihaguruka, ikibuga cy'indege kijyayo, igihe giteganyijwe cyo koherezwa, n'ibindi, kandi tuzatanga gahunda zitandukanye z'ubwikorezi n'ibiciro bijyana nabyo.
- 2. Itumiza: Nyuma yo kwemeza igiciro, uwagutanze (cyangwa uwagutanze) adushyikiriza komisiyo yo gutwara ibintu, maze twemera komisiyo kandi tukandika amakuru ajyanye nayo.
- 3. Gutanga itike: Ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo (Senghor Logistics) kizatanga itike y'ingendo n'umwanya bikwiye muri sosiyete y'indege hakurikijwe ibyo umukiriya akeneye n'uko ibicuruzwa byifashe, kandi kimenyeshe umukiriya amakuru y'ingendo n'ibyo akeneye.Icyitonderwa:Mu gihe cy'ibihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi, gutumiza ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorwa iminsi 3-7 mbere y'igihe kugira ngo hirindwe umwanya muto; niba imizigo ari minini cyane cyangwa irengeje urugero, sosiyete yacu igomba kwemeza ikigo cy'indege mbere y'igihe niba ishobora gupakirwa.)
- 4. Gutegura imizigo: Utanga imizigo ashyira ikimenyetso kandi akarinda ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo mu kirere kugira ngo yizere ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo mu kirere, nko aho bijya, uwakira imizigo, nimero yo gufatira ibicuruzwa, nibindi kugira ngo hirindwe kuvanga.
- 5. Gutanga cyangwa gutwara no kubika ibicuruzwa: Utanga ibicuruzwa abishyira mu bubiko bwabigenewe hakurikijwe amakuru atangwa na Senghor Logistics; cyangwa Senghor Logistics itegura imodoka yo kubitwara. Umuzigo uzoherezwa mu bubiko, aho uzabarwa kandi ukabikwa by'agateganyo, utegereje gupakirwa. Umuzigo wihariye (nk'imizigo igenzurwa n'ubushyuhe) ugomba kubikwa mu bubiko bwabugenewe.
- 6. Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo: Utanga ibicuruzwa ategura ibikoresho by’imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, nk’ifishi y’imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, inyemezabwishyu, urutonde rw’ibipakiye, amasezerano, ifishi yo kwemeza, n’ibindi, akabiha umucuruzi w’imizigo cyangwa umuhuzabikorwa wa gasutamo, uzabimenyesha gasutamo mu izina rye. Nyuma yuko gasutamo igenzuye ko ari byo, azashyiraho kashe yo kurekura ibicuruzwa ku rupapuro rw’indege.
- 7. Igenzura ry’umutekano w’imizigo no kuyipima: iyo imizigo ikoze igenzura ry’umutekano w’ikibuga cy’indege (igenzura niba irimo ibicuruzwa biteje akaga cyangwa ibibujijwe), kandi ipimwa kandi igapimwa mu bunini (ibara uburemere bushobora kwishyurwa).
- 8. Gupakira no gupakira: Imizigo ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe indege n'aho ijya, ishyirwa muri ULD cyangwa palati (ishyizwemo palati), hanyuma ikajyanwa ku ipantaro n'abakozi bo hasi hanyuma ishyirwa mu bubiko bw'imizigo y'indege ijyanye nayo.
- 9. Gukurikirana imizigo: Senghor Logistics izakurikirana indege n'ibicuruzwa, kandi yohereze umukiriya vuba inomero y'inzira, inomero y'urugendo, igihe cyo kohereza n'andi makuru kugira ngo umukiriya asobanukirwe uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze.
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa:
- 1. Iteganyagihe ry'ikibuga cy'indege: Kompanyi y'indege cyangwa umukozi wayo (Senghor Logistics) bazateganyagihe amakuru y'indege izaza ku kibuga cy'indege n'amashami abishinzwe mbere y'igihe hakurikijwe gahunda y'indege, harimo nimero y'indege, nimero y'indege, igihe cyagenwe cyo kuhagera, n'ibindi, kandi buzuze inyandiko y'iteganyagihe ry'indege.
- 2. Isuzuma ry'inyandiko: Nyuma y'uko indege ihageze, abakozi bazakira isakoshi y'akazi, barebe niba inyandiko zo kohereza ibicuruzwa nk'inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, indangamikorere y'imizigo n'amabaruwa, indangamikorere y'amabaruwa, n'ibindi byuzuye, kandi bashyireho kashe cyangwa banditse inomero y'urugendo n'itariki y'urugendo rw'imizigo ku nyemezabwishyu y'umwimerere. Muri icyo gihe, amakuru atandukanye ari ku nyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, nk'ikibuga cy'indege cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijya, ikigo cy'ikigo gishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu ndege, izina ry'ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo n'uburyo bwo kubibika, n'ibindi, azasuzumwa. Ku nyemezabwishyu y'imizigo ihuza, izashyikirizwa ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu kugira ngo itunganywe.
- 3. Gucunga ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo: Inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo yoherezwa ku biro bya gasutamo, kandi abakozi ba gasutamo bazashyiraho kashe y'ubugenzuzi ku nyemezabwishyu y'imizigo kugira ngo bagenzure ibicuruzwa. Ku bicuruzwa bigomba kunyura mu nzira zo gutangaza ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, amakuru y'imizigo yinjiye azoherezwa kuri gasutamo kugira ngo abibike binyuze kuri mudasobwa.
- 4. Gushyira hamwe no kubika ibicuruzwa: Nyuma yuko ikigo cy’indege cyakiriye ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bizajyanwa mu bubiko bugenzurwa n’ikigo gishinzwe kubigenzura kugira ngo bitegure imirimo yo kubikusanya no kubika ibicuruzwa. Reba umubare w’ibice bya buri bicuruzwa kimwe kimwe, urebe ibyangiritse, hanyuma ubishyire hamwe ukurikije ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, wandike kode y’aho ububiko buri bicuruzwa bubikwa hanyuma uyishyire muri mudasobwa.
- 5. Gutanga inyandiko zo kwemererwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga: Utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa umukozi wo mu gace ukoreramo atanga inyandiko zo kwemererwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku gihugu ajyamo, harimo inyemezabwishyu y'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo (Air Waybill), uruhushya rwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (niba bikenewe), ifishi yo gutangaza imisoro, nibindi.
- 6. Gusuzuma no kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu: Gasutamo y'igihugu ijyamo isuzuma inyandiko, ikemeza ishyirwa mu byiciro n'igiciro cyishyuwe ku bicuruzwa, ibarura kandi ikakusanya imisoro, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA), n'ibindi. Iyo gasutamo ikoze igenzura ritunguranye, ni ngombwa gufungura agasanduku kugira ngo harebwe niba ibicuruzwa bihuye n'imenyekanisha.
- 7. Gutwara no gutanga ibicuruzwa: Nyuma yo kwemererwa kwishyura ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, nyir'ibintu cyangwa umukozi uhagarariye ibicuruzwa azana ibicuruzwa mu bubiko bw'ikibuga cy'indege hamwe n'inyemezabwishyu y'ibicuruzwa, cyangwa agaha isosiyete ishinzwe gutwara ibintu mu gace k'iwabo kugira ngo abigeze aho byagejejwe.Icyitonderwa:Mu gihe ufata ibicuruzwa, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ingano y'ibicuruzwa n'ibipfunyika byabyo bimeze neza; aho bigezwa hashobora guhitamo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa vuba, amakamyo, nibindi, kandi bigahitamo mu buryo bworoshye hakurikijwe ibisabwa ku gihe.)
Gutwara ibintu mu kirere: Ikiguzi n'ibarura
Uburemere bw'imizigo n'ingano ni ingenzi mu kubara imizigo yo mu kirere. Imizigo yo mu kirere yishyurwa kuri kilo hashingiwe ku buremere rusange (bw'ukuri) cyangwa uburemere bw'ingano (bw'ibipimo), uko byaba biri kose.
- Uburemere rusange:Uburemere bwose bw'imizigo, harimo n'ibipfunyika n'amapaleti.
- Uburemere bw'ingano:Ingano y'imizigo yahinduwemo uburemere bwayo bungana. Uburyo bwo kubara uburemere bw'umuvuduko ni (Uburebure x Ubugari x Uburebure) muri cm / 6000
- Icyitonderwa:Niba ingano iri muri metero kibe, gabanya na 6000. Kuri FedEx, gabanya na 5000.
Igiciro cy'indege ni angahe kandi bizatwara igihe kingana iki?
| Igiciro cy'ubwikorezi bw'indege ziva mu Bushinwa zijya mu Bwongereza (cyavuguruwe mu Ukuboza 2022) | ||||
| Umujyi wo guhaguruka | Urugendo | Ikibuga cy'indege kijyayo | Igiciro kuri KG ($USD) | Igihe cy'ingendo giteganyijwe (iminsi) |
| Shanghai | Igiciro cya 100KGS-299KGS | Londres (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 300KGS-1000KGS | Londres (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 1000KGS+ | Londres (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Shenzhen | Igiciro cya 100KGS-299KGS | Londres (LHR) | 5 | 2-3 |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 5.4 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 7.2 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 300KGS-1000KGS | Londres (LHR) | 4.8 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.7 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 6.9 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 1000KGS+ | Londres (LHR) | 4.5 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 6.6 | 3-4 | ||
Senghor Sea & Air Logistics itewe ishema no kuguha ubunararibonye bwacu mu gutwara ibicuruzwa hagati y'Ubushinwa ku isi hamwe na serivisi zo gutwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga zitangwa rimwe gusa.
Kugira ngo ubone ikiguzi cyihariye cya Air Freight, wuzuze fomu yacu mu minota itarenze 5 hanyuma umwe mu bahanga mu by'imicungire y'indege agusubize mu masaha 8.
