Amaxesha okuthumela iinqanawa ezinkulu ze-9 zothutho elwandle ukusuka eTshayina kunye nezinto ezibachaphazelayo
Njengomthumeli wempahla, uninzi lwabathengi abasibuzayo baya kubuza malunga nokuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina kunye nexesha lokukhokela.
Amaxesha okuthumela ukusuka e-China ukuya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nendlela yokuthumela (umoya, ulwandle, njl.), amachweba athile avela kuyo kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iimfuno zokuhlanjululwa kwamasiko, kunye nemfuno yexesha. Apha ngezantsi sisishwankathelo samaxesha okuhambisa ngenqanawa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisuka eTshayina kunye nezinto eziziphembelelayo:
Iindlela zaseMntla Melika (US, Canada, Mexico)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Unxweme oluseNtshona lwaseMelika: Los Angeles / Long Beach, Oakland, Seattle, njl.
Unxweme lwase-US oluseMpuma: ENew York, eSavannah, eNorfolk, eHouston (ngePanama Canal), njl.
Khanada: IVancouver, iToronto, iMontreal, njl.
Mekhsikho: Manzanillo, Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
Ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eChina Port ukuyaIzibuko kuNxweme oluseNtshona, eU.S: Malunga neentsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezili-18, kwindlu ngendlu: Malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30.
Ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eChina Port ukuyaIzibuko e-East Coast, US: Malunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35, kwindlu ngendlu: Malunga neentsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-45.
Ixesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuyakumbindi weUnited Statesmalunga neentsuku ezingama-27 ukuya kwezingama-35, nokuba kuthe ngqo ukusuka kuNxweme oluseNtshona okanye ngokudlula ngololiwe womlenze wesibini.
Ixesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuyaAmazibuko aseKhanadamalunga neentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-26, kwaye ukuya kwindlu ngendlu kumalunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-40.
Ixesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuyaAmazibuko aseMexicomalunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Ukuxinana kwamazibuko kunye nemiba yabasebenzi kuNxweme oluseNtshona: Amazibuko aseLos Angeles/eLong Beach ziindawo zakudala zengxinano, kwaye uthethathethwano lwabasebenzi basezibukweni luhlala lukhokelela ekucuthekeni kokusebenza okanye kwizigrogriso zogwayimbo.
Izithintelo zePanama Canal: Imbalela iye yabangela ukuba amanqanaba amanzi e-canal ehle, ukunciphisa inani leehambo kunye needrafti, ukuqhuba iindleko kunye nokungaqiniseki kwiindlela ze-East Coast.
Uthutho lwangaphakathi: Uthethwano phakathi koololiwe base-US kunye ne-Teamsters Union inokuchaphazela nokuhamba kwempahla ukusuka kumachweba ukuya kwiindawo ezingaphakathi.
Iindlela zaseYurophu (eNtshona Yurophu, eMntla Yurophu, nakwiMeditera)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, Flixstowe, Piraeus, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
Ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuyaIYurophuelwandle imithwalo port-to-port: malunga 28 ukuba 38 iintsuku.
Umnyango nomnyango: malunga neentsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-50.
China-Europe Express: malunga ne-18 ukuya kwii-25 iintsuku.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Uqhankqalazo lwezibuko: Uqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi basezibukweni kulo lonke elaseYurophu yeyona nto inkulu yokungaqiniseki, ehlala ibangela ulibaziseko lweenqanawa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezibuko.
I-Suez Canal navigation: Ukuxinana komjelo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, okanye iziganeko ezingalindelekanga (ezifana nokusekwa kwe-Ever Given) zinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iishedyuli zokuthumela ngenqanawa zaseYurophu.
I-Geopolitical: Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu inyanzelise iinqanawa ukuba zijike zijikeleze iKapa leThemba eliHle, yongeza iintsuku ezili-10-15 kuhambo kwaye ngoku yeyona nto inefuthe elikhulu kwixesha.
Uthutho lukaloliwe vs. Uthutho lolwandle: I-China-Europe Express amaxesha azinzileyo, engachatshazelwanga yintlekele yoLwandle oluBomvu, iluncedo olukhulu.
Iindlela zaseOstreliya neNew Zealand (iOstreliya neNew Zealand)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
ESydney, eMelbourne, eBrisbane, eAuckland, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
Impahla yolwandle I-Port-to-port: malunga ne-14 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-20.
Umnyango nomnyango: malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-35.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Ukhuseleko lwebhayoloji kunye nokuValelwa umntu yedwa: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. IOstreliya neNew Zealand zineyona migangatho ingqongqo yehlabathi yokuvalelwa kwezilwanyana nezityalo ezisuka kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ekhokelela kumazinga okuhlolwa aphezulu kakhulu kunye nokucotha kwamaxesha okusebenza. Amaxesha okucocwa kweCustoms anokwandiswa ngeentsuku okanye iiveki. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ezifana neemveliso zomthi oqinileyo okanye ifenitshala, kufuneka ziqhunyiswe kwaye zifumane aisatifikethi sokutshisaphambi kokungena.
Iishedyuli zeenqanawa zimfutshane kunezo zaseYurophu nase-United States, kwaye ukhetho lokuthumela ngokuthe ngqo lulinganiselwe.
Ukuguquguquka kweemfuno zamaxesha onyaka (okufana nexesha lemarike yemveliso yezolimo) kuchaphazela umthamo wokuthuthwa kweenqanawa.
Iindlela zaseMzantsi Melika (uNxweme oluseMpuma kunye noNxweme oluseNtshona)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Kwinxweme LASENTSHONA:Callao, Iquique, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, njl.
Unxweme olusentshona:Santos, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
I-Sea Freight port-to-port:
Amazibuko aseWest Coast:Malunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35 ukuya kwizibuko.
Amazibuko aseMpuma(ngeCape of Good Hope okanye iPanama Canal): Malunga neentsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-45 ukuya kwizibuko.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Olona hambo lude, ukungaqiniseki okukhulu.
Amazibuko eendawo zokusingwa angasebenziyo: Amazibuko amakhulu aseMzantsi Melika athwaxwa ziziseko zophuhliso ezingaphuhliswanga, ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuxinana okukhulu.
Ukucocwa kwezithethe ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezithintelo zorhwebo: Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zezithethe, imigaqo-nkqubo engazinzanga, amazinga aphezulu okuhlolwa, kunye nemiqobo yokukhululwa kwirhafu ephantsi kunokukhokelela kwirhafu ephezulu kunye nokulibaziseka.
Ukhetho lwendlela: Iinqanawe ezisingise kuNxweme oluseMpuma zinokuhamba zijikeleze iKapa leThemba eliHle okanye iPanama Canal, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuhamba zombini.
Ukufunda ngakumbi:
ICandelo loMbindi kunye noMzantsi Melika kwiinqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe
Iindlela ezikuMbindi Mpuma (kuSingasiqithi weArabia, amazwe asePersian Gulf Coast)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
IDubai, iAbu Dhabi, iDammam, iDoha, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
UThutho loLwandle: I-Port-to-port: malunga ne-15 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-22.
Umnyango nomnyango: Malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Ukusebenza kwezibuko lendawo yokufikela: I-Jebel Ali Port e-UAE isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa amanye amazibuko anokufumana ukuncipha okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni ngexesha leeholide zonqulo (ezifana neRamadan kunye ne-Eid al-Fitr), ekhokelela ekulibazisekeni.
Imeko yezopolitiko: Ukungazinzi kwengingqi kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokuthumela ngenqanawa kunye neendleko ze-inshorensi.
IiHolide: Ngexesha leRamadan, isantya somsebenzi siyacotha, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolungiselelo.
Iindlela zaseAfrika
Amazibuko amakhulu kwimimandla emi-4:
kuMntla Afrika:Unxweme lweMeditera, olufana neAlexandria neAlgiers.
eNtshona Afrika:Lagos, Lomé, Abidjan, Tema, njl.
eMpuma Afrika:eMombasa naseDar es Salaam.
Mzantsi Afrika:eThekwini naseKapa.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
Izibuko lokuThutha eLwandle ukuya kwizibuko:
Malunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-40 ukuya kumazibuko aseMntla Afrika.
Malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50 ukuya kumazibuko aseMpuma Afrika.
Malunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35 ukuya kumazibuko aseMzantsi Afrika.
Malunga neentsuku ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-50 ukuya kumazibuko aseNtshona Afrika.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Iimeko ezimbi kumazibuko ekusingwa kuwo: Ukuxinana, izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha, nolawulo olulambathayo luxhaphakile. ILagos lelinye lawona mazibuko axineneyo ehlabathini.
Imiceli mngeni yokukhutshwa kwempahla ekhoyo phakathi kwempahla ethengwayo: Imithetho ayinamkhethe, kwaye iimfuno zamaxwebhu zifuna ngamandla kwaye zisoloko zitshintsha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukucocwa kwempahla ekhoyo kube ngumngeni omkhulu.
Ubunzima bezothutho zangaphakathi: Iziseko zezothutho ezingekho mgangathweni ukusuka kumazibuko ukuya kwiindawo ezisemhlabeni kubangela inkxalabo yokhuseleko ebalulekileyo.
Izidubedube zezopolitiko nezentlalo: Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kweminye imimandla kwandisa imingcipheko yezothutho kunye neendleko ze-inshorensi.
Iindlela ezikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia (iSingapore, iMalaysia, iThailand, iVietnam, iiPhilippines, njl.njl.)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Singapore, Port Klang, Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City, Bangkok, Laem Chabang, njl.
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
UThutho lwaseLwandle: I-Port-to-port: malunga ne-5 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-10.
Umnyango nomnyango: Malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-18.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Umgama omfutshane wohambo luyinzuzo.
Iziseko zophuhliso lwezibuko lendawo yokusingwa ziyohluka kakhulu: I-Singapore isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ngelixa amazibuko kwamanye amazwe anokuba nezixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha, amandla okusebenza anyiniweyo, kwaye athanda ukuxinana.
Imekobume entsonkothileyo yokukhutshwa kwempahla ephumayo: Imigaqo-nkqubo yokurhweba, iimfuno zamaxwebhu, kunye nemiba iyahluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo eyenza ukukhutshwa kwempahla ephumayo ibe yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ekulibazisekeni.
Ixesha lenkanyamba lichaphazela amazibuko kunye neendlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa eMzantsi China.
Ukufunda ngakumbi:
Iindlela zaseMpuma Asia (eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, kwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Japhan(eTokyo, eYokohama, eOsaka),
Khoriya eseMzantsi (Busan, Incheon),
IMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya(Vladivostok).
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
Uthutho lwaseLwandle:I-Port-to-port ikhawuleza kakhulu, isuka kumachweba asemantla e-China malunga neentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kunye namaxesha amade e-7 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-12.
Umzila kaloliwe/uThutho lwasemhlabeni:Ukuya kwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya nakwimimandla ethile engaphakathi elizweni, amaxesha okuhamba athelekiseka okanye amade kancinane kunothutho lwaselwandle ngamazibuko afana neSuifenhe neHunchun.
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Uhambo olufutshane kakhulu kunye namaxesha okuthutha azinzileyo kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kumazibuko okusingwa (eJapan naseMzantsi Korea), kodwa ulibaziseko olungephi lunokuthi lwenzeke ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwezibuko kwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya kunye neemeko zeqhwa zasebusika.
Utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko kunye norhwebo lunokuchaphazela iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwempahla.
Iindlela zaseMzantsi Asia (eIndiya, eSri Lanka, eBangladesh)
Amazibuko amakhulu:
Nhava Sheva, eColombo, eChittagong
Ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eTshayina:
UThutho lwaseLwandle: Izibuko ukuya eZibukweni: Malunga neentsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18
Imiba ephambili enempembelelo:
Ukuxinana okumandundu kwezibuko: Ngenxa yeziseko ezingundoqo ezingonelanga kunye neenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, iinqanawa zichitha ixesha elininzi zilinde iindawo zokumisa iinqanawa, ngakumbi kumazibuko eIndiya naseBangladesh. Oku kudala ukungaqiniseki okubalulekileyo kumaxesha okuthumela ngenqanawa.
Ukukhutshwa okungqongqo kwezithethe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo: I-Indian Customs inezinga eliphezulu lokuhlolwa kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zamaxwebhu. Naziphi na iimpazamo zinokubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu kunye nezohlwayo.
I-Chittagong yenye yezona zibuko zincinci emhlabeni, kwaye ukulibaziseka kuqhelekileyo.
Iingcebiso ezigqibeleleyo kubanini bempahla:
1. Vumela ubuncinane iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 zexesha le-buffer, ngakumbi kwiindlela eziya eMzantsi Asia, eMzantsi Melika, eAfrika, kwaye ngoku ezijikileyo eYurophu.
2. Amaxwebhu achanekileyo:Oku kubalulekile kuzo zonke iindlela kwaye kubalulekile kwiingingqi ezineemeko ezintsonkothileyo zococeko lwezithethe (uMzantsi Asia, uMzantsi Melika, kunye neAfrika).
3. Thenga i-inshurensi yokuthumela ngenqanawa:Kwiindlela ezikude, ezinomngcipheko ophezulu, kunye nempahla yexabiso eliphezulu, i-inshurensi ibalulekile.
4. Khetha umboneleli wolungiselelo onamava:Iqabane elinamava abanzi kunye nenethiwekhi eyomeleleyo yeearhente ezikhethekileyo kwiindlela ezithile (ezifana noMzantsi Melika) unokukunceda ukusombulula imingeni emininzi.
I-Senghor Logistics ineminyaka eyi-13 yamava okuthunyelwa kwempahla, ngokukodwa kwiindlela zokuthutha ukusuka e-China ukuya eYurophu, eMntla Melika, eMzantsi Melika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, nakuMbindi Mpuma.
Sinobuchule kwiinkonzo zokukhutshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kumazwe afana ne-United States, iKhanada, iYurophu, ne-Australia, ngokuqonda okukodwa kwamazinga okukhutshwa kwempahla ye-US.
Emva kweminyaka yamava kushishino lwezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, siye safumana abathengi abathembekileyo kumazwe amaninzi, ukuqonda izinto eziphambili kubo, kwaye sinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezilungiselelweyo.
Wamkelekile kwithetha nathimalunga nokuthunyelwa kwempahla evela eTshayina!
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-25-2025
