Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nzira 9 zikomeye zo mu mazi ziturutse mu Bushinwa n'ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri zo
Nk'umucuruzi w'imizigo, abakiriya benshi batubaza bazatubaza igihe bizatwara kugira ngo twohereze ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa n'igihe bizamara.
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijya mu turere dutandukanye gitandukana cyane bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye, harimo uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa (ikirere, inyanja, nibindi), ibyambu byihariye biturukamo n'aho bijya, ibisabwa ku kwemererwa ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, n'ibikenewe mu bihe by'umwaka. Hasi aha hari incamake y'igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku nzira zitandukanye ziva mu Bushinwa n'ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri byo:
Inzira zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru (Amerika, Kanada, Megizike)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba ya Amerika: Los Angeles/Long Beach, Oakland, Seattle, n'ahandi.
Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba ya Amerika: New York, Savannah, Norfolk, Houston (unyuze kuri Panama Canal), n'ibindi.
Kanada: Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, nibindi.
Megizike: Manzanillo, Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye ku cyambu cy'Ubushinwa bijyaIcyambu cyo mu Nkombe y'Iburengerazuba, muri Amerika: Hafi iminsi 14 kugeza kuri 18, urugo ku rundi: Hafi iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 30.
Kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye ku cyambu cy'Ubushinwa bijyaIcyambu cyo ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba, muri Amerika: Hafi iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 35, kuva ku nzu kugeza ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 35 kugeza kuri 45.
Igihe cyo kohereza kiva mu Bushinwa kijyaLeta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zo hagatini hafi iminsi 27 kugeza kuri 35, haba uvuye ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba cyangwa unyuze muri gari ya moshi yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza kiva mu Bushinwa kijyaIcyambu cya Kanadani iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 26, naho inzu ku nzu ni iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 40.
Igihe cyo kohereza kiva mu Bushinwa kijyaIcyambu cya Megizikeni iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 30.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Ibibazo by’umubyigano w’ibyambu n’abakozi mu Nkombe y’Iburengerazuba: Ibyambu bya Los Angeles/Long Beach ni ahantu hasanzwe hahurira abantu benshi, kandi ibiganiro by’abakozi ku cyambu akenshi bitera kugabanuka kw’imikorere cyangwa iterabwoba ku myigaragambyo.
Kubuza amazi gukoresha umuyoboro wa Panama: Amapfa yatumye urugero rw'amazi mu miyoboro rugabanuka, bigabanya umubare w'ingendo n'ingendo, bikongera ibiciro no kutita ku nzira zo ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba.
Ubwikorezi bw'imbere mu gihugu: Ibiganiro hagati ya gari ya moshi zo muri Amerika n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakozi ba Teamsters nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku itwarwa ry'ibicuruzwa biva ku byambu bijya mu turere tw'imbere mu gihugu.
Inzira z'i Burayi (Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, Uburayi bw'Amajyaruguru, na Mediterane)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, Flixstowe, Piraeus, n'ahandi.
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijyaUburayiibicuruzwa byo mu mazi biva ku cyambu bijya ku kindi: hafi iminsi 28 kugeza kuri 38.
Kuva ku nzu kugeza ku nzu: hafi iminsi 35 kugeza kuri 50.
Ubushinwa-Uburayi Express: hafi iminsi 18 kugeza kuri 25.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Imyigaragambyo y’ibyambu: Imyigaragambyo y’abakozi bo ku cyambu hirya no hino mu Burayi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye ituma amato atinda cyane ndetse n’ibyambu bikangirika.
Uburyo bwo kugenda mu muyoboro wa Suez: Ubucucike bw'imiyoboro, ukwiyongera kw'imishahara, cyangwa ibintu bitunguranye (nk'uko Ever Given yahagaze) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngengabihe y'ubwikorezi ku isi yose mu Burayi.
Politiki y’ubutaka: Ikibazo cy’inyanja itukura cyatumye amato azenguruka Cape of Good Hope, yongeraho iminsi 10-15 ku ngendo kandi ubu ni cyo kintu gikomeye bigira ingaruka ku gihe.
Ingendo zo gutwara imizigo za gari ya moshi ugereranyije n’izo mu mazi: Igihe cy’ingendo zihamye hagati ya sosiyete y’Ubushinwa na Europe Express, kitagizweho ingaruka n’ikibazo cy’inyanja itukura, ni inyungu ikomeye.
Inzira za Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande (Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande)
Ibyambu bikuru:
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Auckland, n'ahandi.
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imizigo yo mu mazi Kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu: hafi iminsi 14 kugeza kuri 20.
Kuva ku nzu kugeza ku nzu: hafi iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 35.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Umutekano w’ibinyabuzima n’akato: Iki ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyane. Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande bifite amahame akomeye ku isi agenga inyamaswa n’ibimera bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigatuma habaho igenzura riri hejuru cyane kandi igihe cyo kubitunganya kigabanuka. Igihe cyo kubikuza gishobora kwiyongera mu minsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa, nk'ibikomoka ku biti bikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu nzu, bigomba gukurwamo ifuru no guhabwa ifuru.icyemezo cyo gutwikambere yo kwinjira.
Gahunda yo kohereza amato ni ngufi ugereranyije n’izo mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi uburyo bwo kohereza amato butaziguye ni buke.
Ihindagurika ry’ibikenewe mu bihe by’ihinga (nk’igihe cy’isoko ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi) bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Inzira zo muri Amerika y'Epfo (Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba n'Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba:Callao, Iquique, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, nibindi
Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba:Santos, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imodoka zo mu mazi zitwara imizigo kuva ku cyambu kugera ku kindi:
Ibyambu byo ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba:Hafi iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 35 kugira ngo ugere ku cyambu.
Ibyambu byo ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba(unyuze mu Kigo cya Good Hope cyangwa mu muyoboro wa Panama): Hafi iminsi 35 kugeza kuri 45 kugira ngo ugere ku cyambu.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Ingendo ndende cyane, ibitazwi cyane.
Ibyambu bikuru byo muri Amerika y'Epfo bitujuje ubuziranenge: Ibyambu bikomeye byo muri Amerika y'Epfo bifite ibikorwa remezo bidateye imbere, imikorere iciriritse, ndetse n'umubyigano ukomeye w'abantu.
Inzitizi zikomeye zo kwemerera imisoro ku misoro n'ubucuruzi: Uburyo bugoye bwo kwemerera imisoro ku misoro, politiki idahamye, igipimo cyo kugenzura kiri hejuru, n'ibipimo byo gusonerwa imisoro biri hasi bishobora gutera imisoro myinshi n'ubukererwe.
Amahitamo y'inzira: Amato yerekeza ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba ashobora kunyura mu karere ka Cape of Good Hope cyangwa anyuze mu muyoboro wa Panama, bitewe n'imiterere y'inzira zombi.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:
Ishami rya Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'Epfo mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga
Inzira zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati (Peninsula ya Arabiya, Ibihugu byo ku nkombe z'ikigobe cya Peresi)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Dammam, Doha, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imitwaro yo mu mazi: Kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 22.
Kuva ku nzu kugeza ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 30.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Uburyo imikorere y'icyambu cyo mu mahanga ikora neza: Icyambu cya Jebel Ali muri UAE gikora neza cyane, ariko ibindi byambu bishobora kugabanuka cyane mu mikorere y'akazi mu minsi mikuru y'idini (nka Ramadhani na Eid al-Fitr), bigatera gutinda.
Imiterere ya politiki: Guhungabana k'uturere bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ubwikorezi n'ikiguzi cy'ubwishingizi.
Iminsi mikuru: Mu gihe cya Ramadhani, umuvuduko w'akazi uragabanuka, bigatuma imikorere y'ibikoresho igabanuka cyane.
Inzira zo muri Afurika
Ibyambu bikuru mu turere 4:
Afurika y'Amajyaruguru:Inkombe za Mediterane, nka Alegizandiriya na Algiers.
Afurika y'Iburengerazuba:Lagos, Lomé, Abidjan, Tema, nibindi
Afurika y'Iburasirazuba:Mombasa na Dar es Salaam.
Afurika y'Epfo:Durban na Cape Town.
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Icyambu cyo mu mazi kijya ku cyambu:
Hafi iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 40 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru.
Hafi iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 50 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba.
Hafi iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 35 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Epfo.
Hafi iminsi 40 kugeza kuri 50 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Imiterere mibi y'ibyambu bijyamo: Ubucucike bw'imodoka, ibikoresho bishaje, n'imicungire mibi ni ibintu bisanzwe. Lagos ni imwe mu byambu bihuze cyane ku isi.
Ibibazo byo kwemererwa gucuruzwa muri gasutamo: Amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa ntahinduka cyane, kandi ibisabwa mu nyandiko birasaba kandi bihora bihinduka, bigatuma kwemererwa gucuruzwa muri gasutamo biba ikibazo gikomeye.
Ingorane z'ubwikorezi bw'imbere mu gihugu: Ibikorwa remezo bibi by'ubwikorezi kuva ku byambu kugera mu turere tw'imbere mu gihugu biteza ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano.
Imidugararo ya politiki n'imibereho myiza: Imiterere mibi ya politiki mu turere tumwe na tumwe yongera ibyago byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu ndetse n'amafaranga y'ubwishingizi.
Inzira zo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya (Singapur, Maleziya, Tayilande, Viyetinamu, Filipine, n'ibindi)
Ibyambu bikuru:
Singapore, Port Klang, Jakarta, Umujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, Bangkok, Laem Chabang, n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imitwaro yo mu mazi: Kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 5 kugeza ku 10.
Kuva ku nzu kugeza ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 18.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Intera ngufi y'urugendo ni akarusho.
Ibikorwa remezo by'ibyambu bijyayo biratandukanye cyane: Singapuru irakora neza cyane, mu gihe ibyambu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuba bifite ibikoresho bishaje, ubushobozi buke bwo kubitunganya, kandi bishobora kuba bikunze kuba byinshi.
Ahantu hagoye ho kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo: Politiki za gasutamo, ibisabwa mu nyandiko, n'ibibazo bitandukanye bitewe n'igihugu, bigatuma kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo biba ahantu hakomeye ho gutinda.
Igihe cy'inkubi y'umuyaga kigira ingaruka ku byambu n'inzira z'amato mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:
Inzira zo muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba (Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Iburasirazuba bwa kure bw'Uburusiya)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Ubuyapani(Tokiyo, Yokohama, Osaka),
Koreya y'Epfo(Busan, Incheon),
Uburasirazuba bwa kure bw'Uburusiya(Vladivostok).
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imizigo yo mu mazi:Kuva ku cyambu ujya ku cyambu byihuta cyane, biva ku byambu byo mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 5, kandi igihe kirekire kikaba iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 12.
Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi/ubutaka:Mu Burasirazuba bwa kure bw'Uburusiya no mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw'imbere mu gihugu, igihe cyo gutwara ibintu kigereranywa cyangwa kikaba kirekire gato kurusha ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi binyura ku byambu nka Suifenhe na Hunchun.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Ingendo ngufi cyane kandi igihe cyo kohereza ibintu gihamye cyane.
Imirimo ikora neza cyane ku byambu bijyamo (Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo), ariko gutinda guto bishobora kubaho bitewe n'imikorere myiza y'ibyambu mu Burasirazuba bwa kure bw'Uburusiya ndetse n'ibihe by'urubura mu gihe cy'itumba.
Impinduka muri politiki n'ubucuruzi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku nzira zo kwegurira ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo.
Inzira zo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo (Ubuhinde, Siri Lanka, Bangladesh)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Nhava Sheva, Colombo, Chittagong
Igihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi iva mu Bushinwa:
Imizigo yo mu mazi: Icyambu kijya ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 12 kugeza kuri 18
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima:
Ubucucike bukomeye bw'ibyambu: Kubera ibikorwa remezo bidahagije n'imikorere igoye, amato amara igihe kinini ategereje aho indege zihagarara, cyane cyane ku byambu byo mu Buhinde na Bangladesh. Ibi bitera guhindagurika cyane mu gihe cyo kohereza.
Politiki na politiki byo kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo mu buryo bukabije: Gasutamo yo mu Buhinde ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’igenzura n’ibisabwa mu nyandiko zikomeye cyane. Amakosa ayo ari yo yose ashobora gutera gutinda gukomeye no gucibwa amande.
Chittagong ni kimwe mu byambu bidakora neza cyane ku isi, kandi gutinda ni ibintu bisanzwe.
Inama z'ingenzi ku batunze imizigo:
1. Teganya nibura ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 by'igihe cyo gufungacyane cyane ku nzira zijya muri Aziya y'Epfo, Amerika y'Epfo, Afurika, ndetse n'Uburayi busanzwe bunyuramo.
2. Inyandiko zifatika:Ibi ni ingenzi ku nzira zose kandi ni ingenzi ku turere dufite ahantu hagoye ho gucuruza ibicuruzwa (Aziya y'Epfo, Amerika y'Epfo, na Afurika).
3. Ubwishingizi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa:Ku nzira ndende kandi zifite ibyago byinshi, ndetse no ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye, ubwishingizi ni ngombwa.
4. Hitamo umuhanga mu gutanga serivisi z'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi:Umufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe bwinshi n'urusobe rukomeye rw'abakozi b'inzobere mu nzira runaka (nk'Amerika y'Epfo) ashobora kugufasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi.
Senghor Logistics ifite uburambe bw'imyaka 13 mu gutwara imizigo, ikaba ikora cyane mu gutwara imizigo kuva mu Bushinwa kugera i Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo, no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Dufite ubuhanga mu gutanga serivisi zo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, Uburayi na Ositaraliya, dusobanukiwe cyane ibiciro byo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Amerika.
Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'uburambe mu nganda mpuzamahanga z'ibijyanye n'itumanaho, twabonye abakiriya b'indahemuka mu bihugu byinshi, dusobanukiwe ibyo bashyira imbere, kandi dushobora gutanga serivisi zijyanye n'ibyo bakeneye.
Murakaza neza kurituganire natweku bijyanye no kohereza imizigo iva mu Bushinwa!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2025
