Ibihe byo kohereza inzira 9 zingenzi zo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mubushinwa nibintu bibagiraho ingaruka
Nkumuzigo utwara ibicuruzwa, abakiriya benshi batubajije bazabaza igihe bizatwara kuva mubushinwa no kuyobora igihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza mu Bushinwa mu turere dutandukanye kiratandukanye cyane bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo uburyo bwo kohereza (ikirere, inyanja, nibindi), ibyambu byihariye bikomokamo n’aho bijya, ibisabwa bya gasutamo, nibisabwa ibihe. Hano hepfo ni incamake yigihe cyo koherezwa munzira zitandukanye ziva mubushinwa nibintu bibagiraho ingaruka:
Inzira ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Amerika, Kanada, Mexico)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Amerika y'Iburengerazuba: Los Angeles / Long Beach, Oakland, Seattle, nibindi
Amerika y'Iburasirazuba: New York, Savannah, Norfolk, Houston (unyuze ku muyoboro wa Panama), n'ibindi.
Kanada: Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, nibindi.
Mexico: Manzanillo, Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Kohereza mu cyambu cy'Ubushinwa kugezaIcyambu muri West Coast, Amerika: Hafi yiminsi 14 kugeza 18, inzu ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 20 kugeza 30.
Kohereza mu cyambu cy'Ubushinwa kugezaIcyambu mu burasirazuba bwa Amerika, Amerika: Hafi yiminsi 25 kugeza 35, inzu ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 35 kugeza 45.
Igihe cyo kohereza kuva mubushinwa kugezahagati muri Amerikani iminsi igera kuri 27 kugeza kuri 35, haba kuva kuri West Coast cyangwa kunyura muri gari ya moshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza kuva mubushinwa kugezaIbyambu bya Kanadani hafi iminsi 15 kugeza 26, kandi inzu ku nzu ni iminsi 20 kugeza 40.
Igihe cyo kohereza kuva mubushinwa kugezaIbyambu bya Mexiconi iminsi 20 kugeza 30.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Ubwinshi bw’ibyambu n’ibibazo by’umurimo mu burengerazuba bw’Iburengerazuba: Ibyambu bya Los Angeles / Long Beach ni ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, kandi imishyikirano y’abakozi ku bakozi akenshi itera umuvuduko muke cyangwa iterabwoba.
Inzitizi z’umuyoboro wa Panama: Uruzuba rwatumye amazi y’amazi agabanuka, bigabanya umubare w’ingendo n’imishinga, gutwara ibiciro no kutamenya neza inzira z’Iburasirazuba.
Ubwikorezi bwo mu gihugu: Ibiganiro hagati ya gari ya moshi zo muri Amerika n’ubumwe bwa Teamsters birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku kugenda kw'ibicuruzwa biva ku byambu bijya mu gihugu imbere.
Inzira zi Burayi (Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba, Uburayi bw’Amajyaruguru, na Mediterane)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, Flixstowe, Piraeus, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Kohereza mu Bushinwa kugezaUburayiubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja ku cyambu: hafi iminsi 28 kugeza 38.
Urugi ku nzu: hafi iminsi 35 kugeza kuri 50.
Ubushinwa-Uburayi Express: hafi iminsi 18 kugeza 25.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Ibitero by’icyambu: Imyigaragambyo yakozwe n’abakozi ba dock hirya no hino mu Burayi nicyo kintu kinini kidashidikanywaho, akenshi bigatuma gutinda kw’ubwato no guhagarika ibyambu.
Kugendesha umuyoboro wa Suez: Ubwinshi bwumuyoboro, ubwiyongere bw’imisoro, cyangwa ibintu bitunguranye (nko guhagarara kwa Ever Given) birashobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye gahunda yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku mugabane w’Uburayi.
Geopolitiki: Ikibazo cy'Inyanja Itukura cyatumye amato azenguruka ku Kirwa cya Byiringiro, yongeraho iminsi 10-15 mu ngendo kandi kuri ubu ni cyo kintu kinini kigira ingaruka ku gihe.
Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi n’ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Ibihe bihamye by’Ubushinwa-Uburayi Express, bitatewe n’ikibazo cy’inyanja Itukura, ni inyungu ikomeye.
Inzira za Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande (Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande)
Ibyambu bikomeye:
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Auckland, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja Port-to-port: hafi iminsi 14 kugeza 20.
Urugi ku nzu: hafi iminsi 20 kugeza 35.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Biosafety na Karantine: Iki nikintu gikomeye. Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande bifite amahame akomeye y’akato ku isi ku nyamaswa n’ibimera bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigatuma igipimo cy’igenzura kiri hejuru cyane ndetse n’igihe cyo gutunganya buhoro. Igihe cyo gukuraho gasutamo gishobora kwiyongera iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa, nkibicuruzwa bikomeye byimbaho cyangwa ibikoresho, bigomba guhura na fumasi hanyuma ukabona aicyemezo cya fumigationmbere yo kwinjira.
Gahunda yubwato ni ngufi ugereranije nu Burayi no muri Amerika, kandi uburyo bwo kohereza butaziguye.
Imihindagurikire yigihe gikenewe (nkigihe cyisoko ryibicuruzwa byubuhinzi) bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kohereza.
Inzira zo muri Amerika yepfo (Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba na West Coast)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Iburengerazuba:Callao, Iquique, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, nibindi
Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba:Santos, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja ku cyambu:
Ibyambu bya West Coast:Hafi y'iminsi 25 kugeza 35 kugeza ku cyambu.
Ibyambu byo ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba(unyuze kuri Cape of Byiringiro cyangwa Umuyoboro wa Panama): Hafi yiminsi 35 kugeza 45.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Ingendo ndende, gushidikanya gukomeye.
Ibyambu bigana bidahwitse: Ibyambu bikomeye byo muri Amerika yepfo bifite ibibazo remezo bidateye imbere, imikorere idahwitse, hamwe nubucucike bukabije.
Inzitizi zikomeye za gasutamo n’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi: Uburyo bukomeye bwa gasutamo, politiki idahungabana, igipimo cy’ubugenzuzi bukabije, hamwe n’imisoro mike yo gusonerwa imisoro irashobora gutuma imisoro myinshi itinda.
Amahitamo y'inzira: Amato yerekeje ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba arashobora kuzenguruka ikirwa cya Byiringiro Cyiza cyangwa akanyura mu muyoboro wa Panama, bitewe nuburyo bwo kugenda byombi.
Inzira zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati (Igice cy'Abarabu, Ibihugu by'Ikigobe cy'Ubuperesi)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Dammam, Doha, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Icyambu-ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 15 kugeza 22.
Urugi ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 20 kugeza 30.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Icyerekezo cyerekezo cyiza: Icyambu cya Jebel Ali muri UAE kirakora cyane, ariko ibindi byambu birashobora kugabanuka cyane mubikorwa mugihe cyibiruhuko by’amadini (nka Ramadhan na Eid al-Fitr), bigatuma habaho gutinda.
Imiterere ya politiki: Ihungabana ry’akarere rishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano woherezwa hamwe n’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi.
Ibiruhuko: Muri Ramadhan, umuvuduko wakazi uratinda, bikagabanya cyane ibikoresho bya logistique.
Inzira za Afurika
Ibyambu bikomeye mu turere 4:
Afurika y'Amajyaruguru:Inkombe ya Mediterane, nka Alegizandiriya na Alijeriya.
Afurika y'Iburengerazuba:Lagos, Lomé, Abidjan, Tema, nibindi
Afurika y'Iburasirazuba:Mombasa na Dar es Salaam.
Afurika y'Epfo:Durban na Cape Town.
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Icyambu cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja kugera ku cyambu:
Iminsi igera kuri 25 kugeza kuri 40 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru.
Iminsi igera kuri 30 kugeza kuri 50 kugera ku byambu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba.
Iminsi igera kuri 25 kugeza kuri 35 kugera ku byambu bya Afrika yepfo.
Iminsi igera kuri 40 kugeza kuri 50 kugera ku byambu bya Afrika yuburengerazuba.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Imiterere mibi ku byambu: Guhurira hamwe, ibikoresho bishaje, no gucunga nabi birasanzwe. Lagos ni kimwe mu byambu byuzuye ku isi.
Ibibazo byo gukuraho gasutamo: Amabwiriza nta bushake afite, kandi ibyangombwa bisabwa birasaba kandi bigahinduka, bigatuma gasutamo itoroshye.
Ingorane zo gutwara abantu mu gihugu: Ibikorwa remezo bitwara abantu kuva ku byambu bijya mu gihugu imbere bitera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano.
Imvururu za politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage: Guhungabana kwa politiki mu turere tumwe na tumwe byongera ingaruka zo gutwara abantu n'ibiciro by'ubwishingizi.
Inzira yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya (Singapore, Maleziya, Tayilande, Vietnam, Philippines, n'ibindi)
Ibyambu bikomeye:
Singapore, Port Klang, Jakarta, Umujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, Bangkok, Laem Chabang, n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Icyambu-ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 5 kugeza 10.
Urugi ku nzu: Hafi iminsi 10 kugeza 18.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Intera ngufi y'urugendo ni akarusho.
Ibikorwa remezo byerekezo biratandukanye cyane: Singapore ikora neza, mugihe ibyambu mubihugu bimwe bishobora kuba bifite ibikoresho bishaje, ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya, kandi bikunda guhura nubucucike.
Ibidukikije bigoye bya gasutamo: Politiki ya gasutamo, ibisabwa mu nyandiko, hamwe n’ibibazo biratandukanye bitewe n’ibihugu, bigatuma ibicuruzwa biva muri gasutamo ari ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutinda.
Igihe cy'umuyaga cyibasiye ibyambu n'inzira zoherezwa mu Bushinwa bw'Amajyepfo.
Ibindi bisomwa:
Inzira zo muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba (Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Uburusiya bwa kure)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Ubuyapani(Tokiyo, Yokohama, Osaka),
Koreya y'Epfo(Busan, Incheon),
Uburusiya Burasirazuba(Vladivostok).
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja:Port-to-port irihuta cyane, ihaguruka ku byambu byo mu majyaruguru yUbushinwa mu minsi igera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 5, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyiminsi 7 kugeza 12.
Gariyamoshi / Gutwara abantu ku butaka:Mu Burasirazuba bw'Uburusiya no mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'imbere, ibihe byo gutambuka biragereranywa cyangwa birebire cyane kuruta ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja binyuze ku byambu nka Suifenhe na Hunchun.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Ingendo ngufi cyane nigihe cyo kohereza cyane.
Ibikorwa bikora neza ku byambu (Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo), ariko gutinda byoroheje bishobora kubaho bitewe n’icyambu cyiza mu Burusiya bwa kure ndetse n’ubukonje bw’imbeho.
Impinduka za politiki n’ubucuruzi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku nzira yo gukuraho gasutamo.
Inzira zo muri Aziya yepfo (Ubuhinde, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh)
Ibyambu Bikuru:
Nhava Sheva, Colombo, Chittagong
Igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mu Bushinwa:
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Icyambu kugera ku cyambu: Hafi iminsi 12 kugeza 18
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka:
Ubwinshi bw’ibyambu: Kubera ibikorwa remezo bidahagije hamwe nuburyo bugoye, amato amara igihe kinini ategereje ibyambu, cyane cyane ku byambu byo mu Buhinde na Bangladesh. Ibi bitera gushidikanya mugihe cyo kohereza.
Politiki ikaze ya gasutamo na politiki: Gasutamo y'Ubuhinde ifite igipimo kinini cyo kugenzura kandi ibyangombwa bisabwa cyane. Amakosa ayo ari yo yose arashobora kuvamo gutinda no gucibwa amande.
Chittagong nimwe mubyambu bidakora neza kwisi, kandi gutinda birasanzwe.
Inama ntangarugero kubafite imizigo:
1. Emera byibura ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 byigihe cya buffer, cyane cyane ku nzira zerekeza muri Aziya yepfo, Amerika yepfo, Afurika, ndetse no kuzenguruka u Burayi.
2. Inyandiko zuzuye:Ibi ni ingenzi ku nzira zose kandi ni ingenzi mu turere dufite ibidukikije bigoye byo gutumiza gasutamo (Aziya y'Epfo, Amerika y'Epfo, na Afurika).
3. Kugura ubwishingizi bwo kohereza:Ku ntera ndende, inzira-zishobora guteza ibyago byinshi, no kubicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini, ubwishingizi ni ngombwa.
4. Hitamo inararibonye itanga ibikoresho:Umufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe bunini hamwe numuyoboro ukomeye wibikorwa byinzobere (nka Amerika yepfo) arashobora kugufasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi.
Senghor Logistics ifite uburambe bwimyaka 13 yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kabuhariwe mu kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijya mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, n'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati.
Dufite ubuhanga muri serivisi zo gutumiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ku bihugu nka Amerika, Kanada, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya, twumva neza igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Nyuma yimyaka myinshi muburambe mubikorwa mpuzamahanga byo gutanga ibikoresho, twabonye abakiriya b'indahemuka mubihugu byinshi, dusobanukirwa nibyo bashyira imbere, kandi dushobora gutanga serivisi zidasanzwe.
Murakaza neza kurivugana natwekubyerekeye gutwara imizigo ivuye mu Bushinwa!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2025
