Matson, ZIM, n'ibigo bisanzwe byo kohereza ibicuruzwa: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi n'ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga
Ku batumiza ibicuruzwa bashaka ibisubizo byizewe kandi bihendutse byo kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa bijyaLeta Zunze Ubumwe za AmerikaGusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’amahitamo akomeye ya serivisi ni ingenzi cyane. Amahitamo atatu y’ingenzi ni Matson (Matson Express), ZIM (ZIM eCommerce Express), n’ibigo bisanzwe byo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Buri kimwe gitanga inyungu zitandukanye bitewe n’ibyo ushyira imbere: umuvuduko, icyizere, cyangwa ikiguzi, nibindi.
Sobanukirwa itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'ubwoko butatu bw'inzira zo kohereza imizigo
Matson
Ishingiro rya Matson Expressinyunguni "umuvuduko ukabije kandi ni icyizere cyo hejuru cyane." Nk'ikimenyetso cyemewe mu nganda cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa byihuse, igipimo cyabyo ku gihe gihora kiri hejuru ya 95%. Ikintu gikomeye cyane ni ikigo cyayo cya C60 cyikorera ku giti cyacyo kuri Long Beach Port, gituma gipakururwa mu masaha 24 uhereye igihe ubwato bugeze no gutwara amakontena mu minsi 1 kugeza kuri 2, hamwe n'igihe cyo gutwara ibintu kingana n'iminsi 18 kugeza kuri 22 gusa. Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye kuva i Shanghai kugera i Long Beach bifata iminsi 11 kugeza kuri 12 y'akazi gusa.
Ariko, niinengeBiragaragara kandi: ikiguzi cy’imizigo yacyo kiri hejuru muri bitatu, kandi ibyambu bikuru byacyo biherereye muri Shanghai na Ningbo. Niba umucuruzi aherereye mu majyepfo y’Ubushinwa, imbere mu gihugu, cyangwa mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, ibicuruzwa bigomba koherezwa mu gihugu imbere muri ibyo byambu bibiri, byongera igihe cyo gutwara n’ikiguzi. Byongeye kandi, biragoye gutumiza ahantu mu gihe cy’ibihe by’ubushyuhe. Muri rusange amasosiyete y’ubwikorezi ashyira imbere ahantu ho gutumiza hashingiwe ku mubare w’imizigo. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti rufite ubwinshi bw’imizigo, bityo bigatwara umwanya munini.
ZIM
Zim ifite umuyoboro mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho ryo kohereza amakontena. Zim Express yibanda ku "gupima igiciro no gukora neza," aho ibiciro biri hagati ya 1-2 RMB/kg biri hasi ugereranije na Matson kandi igihe cyo kuyitanga kikaba kiri hasi ya Matson. Igikorwa cyose (kuva ku ihaguruka kugeza ku bubiko) kimara iminsi 20 kugeza kuri 25, aho urugendo ruturutse ku cyambu cya Yantian rugera kuri Long Beach Port rumara iminsi 14 y'akazi. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane niba abagutanga ari abagurisha mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa—bashobora kuyikuramo mu buryo butaziguye.Shenzhen Yantian Port, gukuraho gukenera kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu imbere no kuzigama amafaranga y'ibanze.
Ariko, ihamagara kuri sitasiyo rusange ya Long Beach Port, ikunze kugaragaramo umubyigano mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ingufu zayo za nyuma zo gutwara amakontena ntabwo ari nziza nka Matson's, kandi igihe cyo kuyizana gikunze kuba gito mu minsi ibiri, bigatuma idakomeza kwizerana.
Ibigo bisanzwe byo kohereza ibicuruzwa
Amasosiyete asanzwe yo gutwara ibintu mu mazi (akenshi CMA, MSC, HPL, nibindi) arangwa n'"ubwikorezi buhendutse + ubwikorezi bwagutse." Igiciro cy'imizigo yabo ni cyo gito muri ibyo bitatu, gifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi. Byongeye kandi, ubwikorezi bwabo mu nzira yagutse bushobora kwakira ibibazo bitandukanye byo gutwara ibintu bitari ibyihutirwa.
Ariko, inenge zibanda ku gihe no ku buryo ibintu bihora bihagaze: inzira yose (kuva aho ibicuruzwa biva bikagera mu bubiko) bifata iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 45 cyangwa irengaho, kandi gutinda bishobora kongerwa iyo habayeho inzira zinyuramo, guhuzwa kw'imizigo cyangwa ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'ibihe bikomeye; igipimo cyo kuzenguruka amakontena mu gihe cy'ibihe bikomeye gishobora kugera kuri 15%, kandi gupakurura amakontena ku bibuga rusange bisaba guhagarara ku murongo iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 15, hamwe n'ihindagurika rikomeye cyane mu gihe cy'ibikorwa.
| Ikiranga | Matson Express | ZIM eCommerce Express | Ubwikorezi Busanzwe bwo mu Nyanja |
| Igihe gisanzwe cyo gutwara abantu | Iminsi 11 kugeza kuri 16 (Icyambu kijya ku cyambu) | Iminsi 12 kugeza kuri 20 (Icyambu kijya ku cyambu) | Iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 40+ (Icyambu kijya ku cyambu) |
| Inzira z'ingenzi | Kuva Shanghai/Ningbo kugera Long Beach | Kuva Shanghai/Ningbo kugera Los Angeles/Long Beach | Imbuga zitandukanye z'Ubushinwa zijya mu Burengerazuba bwa Amerika/Inkengero z'Iburasirazuba |
| Kwizerwa no Guteganya Igihe | Hejuru cyane; ingendo zo mu bwato zihoraho buri cyumweru, indege zagenewe | Serivisi nziza kandi ihamye buri cyumweru, aho umuntu ahagarara hashyirwa imbere | Bihinduka; bishobora guterwa n'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho, gukurura hamwe no kuzunguruka |
| Igiciro cy'ibiciro | Iy'ibanze | Hagati kugeza ku Hejuru | Ihendutse cyane |
| Ibyiza Kuri | Imizigo ijyanye n'igihe, ifite agaciro kanini, ntarengwa y'igihe ntarengwa cyo kubika ibicuruzwa | Gukenera ibintu byihuse n'ikiguzi, ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki | Imitwaro idakenewe cyane, ibicuruzwa byinshi, ikiguzi gito cyane |
Ni gute wahitamo ikigo gikwiye cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa?
Nta buryo bwo kohereza bushoboka "bwiza" rwose, ahubwo ni bumwe bujyanye n'ibyo ubucuruzi bwawe bukeneye. Ibi bikurikira bizagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa, ibihe byo kugurisha, ingengo y'imari, n'ibindi bintu:
1. Shyira imbere Matson Express: Gushyira imbere gutanga serivisi ku gihe no kugabanya gutinda
Niba ibicuruzwa byawe ari ubwoko "budashobora kwihanganira gutinda" kandi ukaba ushobora kwishyura ikiguzi cyo kohereza kiri hejuru, Matson ni yo mahitamo ya mbere. Urugero, kuri Amazon FBA kongera gukusanya ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwihutirwa—kubura ububiko bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku rutonde rw'iduka—igihe cyo kohereza cya Matson cyizewe gituma ibicuruzwa bisubizwa vuba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ku byo kohereza ibicuruzwa bihora bihindagurika, bitanga inyungu nyinshi nka 3C, impano z'iminsi mikuru, n'agaciro kanini.amavuta yo kwisiga, gutinda ndetse n'iminsi mike bishobora gutera igihombo gikomeye ku nyungu; gutanga vuba kwa Matson bigabanya izi ngaruka.
Byongeye kandi, ku bicuruzwa bifite igihe ntarengwa cyihariye cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa (nk'iby'imyidagaduro y'ubucuruzi cyangwa poromosiyo z'iminsi mikuru), aho gutinda gutuma ibicuruzwa bitagenda neza, gahunda ya Matson yo "Gusoza: Kuwa gatandatu no ku itariki yo gutwara ubwato: Kuwa gatatu" hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo guhangana n'ingaruka mbi (nubwo haba hari ikirere kibi, iharanira gutanga ibicuruzwa ku gihe) byujuje neza ibyo bikenewe.
2. Shyira imbere ZIM Express: Ku bashaka "gutanga serivisi ku gihe nta kiguzi giteganyijwe"
Ibi ni ubwumvikane ku bashoramari benshi batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bikwiranye n'ibihe bisaba ko bigezwa ku gihe ariko birinda ibiciro bikomeye bya Matson byo gutwara ibintu. Urugero, ibi ni byiza ku myenda yo mu bwoko bwa gihanga, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo, n'amavuta yo kwisiga asanzwe—ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gaciriritse—bishaka kugenzura ibiciro by'ibikoresho bidasaba ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bitewe n'ubwikorezi burambye. Bikwiriye cyane cyane ababicuruza mu Majyepfo y'Ubushinwa—gupakira ibicuruzwa bivuye ku cyambu cya Yantian bizigama igihe n'ibiciro bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa i Shanghai cyangwa Ningbo, bitanga agaciro kanini.
Niba ingano y'imizigo yawe iri hagati, isaba kongera kuvugurura imizigo mu buryo buhamye ariko idasaba ku gihe gikwiye, ZIM ishobora kugira uburinganire hagati yo "gusohoza intego zo gutanga imizigo" n' "ikiguzi cyo kugenzura." Ariko, mu bihe by'umuvuduko mwinshi, gutegura mbere y'igihe ni ngombwa, bigatuma habaho iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 kugira ngo habeho ubucucike bw'ibyambu.
3. Shyira imbere amasosiyete asanzwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa: "Ikiguzi ni cyo gikomeye, kubahiriza igihe nta kamaro bifite"
Niba ibicuruzwa byawe bifite agaciro gato kandi inyungu igabanuka, kandi igihe cyo kohereza ntigigire ingaruka ku bicuruzwa, amasosiyete asanzwe yo kohereza ni yo mahitamo meza kandi ahendutse. Urugero, koherezaibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibice bya pulasitiki, ibikoresho bya buri munsi bihendutse, n'ibikoresho byo hanze bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa bifite inyungu nto, bityo ikiguzi gito cyo gutwara imizigo gishobora kongera inyungu muri rusange. Urugero, ni ukongera ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa mu bihe by'ubushyuhe (nk'uwa gatanu w'umukara cyangwa Noheli) amezi arenga atatu mbere y'uko ibintu bitangira, cyangwa gukomeza kubika ibicuruzwa mu buryo buhoraho. Muri ibi bihe, nta mpamvu yo gushyira imbere ibyo bicuruzwa byihuse; inyungu ku giciro zishobora kugerwaho iyo umuntu atitaye ku gihe.
Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete asanzwe yo gutwara ibintu arashobora kwitwara neza ku mizigo minini cyane (nk'ibikoresho byo kwidagadura bifite uburebure bwa metero 6 n'ibikoresho binini byo mu gikoni), bigatuma biba bikwiriye ku bicuruzwa bifite ibyo ukeneye byihariye.
Mu guhitamo ikigo cy’ubwikorezi, ibintu nk’ubwoko bw’imizigo, aho ijya, umuvuduko wo kuyigeza, n’aho serivisi iherereye bigomba kureberwa kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bujyanye n’ibyo ukeneye mu gutwara ibicuruzwa. Ariko, iyi nkuru itanga amakuru rusange gusa; abakora mu bwikorezi bw’imizigo b’inzobere bazaguha igenamigambi n’inama bikwiye.
Nk'ukoIbikoresho bya Senghor, dufatanya na Matson, Zim, n'izindi sosiyete zikomeye zo gutwara ibintu, tugatanga ibiciro by'amasezerano yo gutwara ibintu. Dusuzuma ibyo abakiriya bacu bakeneye (nk'igihe, igiciro, n'ibisabwa ku cyambu) kandi, dushingiye ku bunararibonye bw'imyaka irenga icumi, tugereranya ibyiza bya serivisi z'ibigo bitandukanye byo gutwara ibintu kugira ngo dutange ibisubizo bikwiye. Ibi byemeza ko inzira yo gutwara ibintu igenda neza kandi ikora neza, bityo bigafasha mu iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwawe no gutsinda. Duhe amahirwe yo gukorana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2025
