Kusukela mhla ziyi-18 kuya ku-19 kuNhlaba, iNgqungquthela ye-China-Central Asia izobanjelwa e-Xi'an. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-China namazwe ase-Central Asia kuqhubekile nokujula. Ngaphansi kohlaka lokwakhiwa okuhlangene kwe-"Belt and Road", ukwakhiwa kwezomnotho kanye nokuhwebelana kwe-China-Central Asia kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-logistics kufinyelele uchungechunge lwezimpumelelo zomlando, ezingokomfanekiso kanye neziphumelelayo.
Ukuxhumana | Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa koMgwaqo omusha weSilk
I-Asia Ephakathi, njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwe-"Silk Road Economic Belt", idlale indima yokubonisa ekwakhiweni kokuxhumana kanye nokwakhiwa kwempahla. NgoMeyi 2014, isisekelo sempahla saseLianyungang China-Kazakhstan saqala ukusebenza, okuphawula okokuqala ukuthi impahla yaseKazakhstan kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi ithole ukufinyelela ePacific Ocean. NgoFebhuwari 2018, i-China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Road Freight yavulwa ngokusemthethweni ukuze ithrafikhi ikwazi ukuhamba.
Ngo-2020, isitimela seziqukathi iTrans-Caspian Sea International Transport Corridor sizokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni, sixhumanise iChina neKazakhstan, siwele uLwandle iCaspian siye e-Azerbaijan, bese sidlula eGeorgia, eTurkey kanye noLwandle Olumnyama ukuze sifinyelele emazweni aseYurophu. Isikhathi sokuhamba cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-20.
Ngokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwesiteshi sezokuthutha saseShayina-e-Asia Ephakathi, amandla ezokuthutha ezokuthutha amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi azosetshenziswa kancane kancane, futhi izinkinga zendawo yangaphakathi yamazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi zizoguqulwa kancane kancane zibe izinzuzo zezindawo zokuthutha, ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokuthutha nezokuthutha, futhi kuhlinzekwe ngamathuba engeziwe nezimo ezinhle zokuhwebelana kwezohwebo phakathi kweShayina-e-Asia Ephakathi.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, inaniIShayina-iYurophuIzitimela (e-Asia Ephakathi) ezivulwe eXinjiang zizofinyelela irekhodi eliphezulu. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs ngomhlaka-17, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kweShayina namazwe amahlanu ase-Asia Ephakathi ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zalo nyaka bekuyi-yuan eyizigidigidi eziyi-173.05, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-37.3%. Phakathi kwazo, ngo-Ephreli, isilinganiso sokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe sidlule i-yuan eyizigidigidi ezingama-50 okokuqala, safinyelela ku-yuan eyizigidigidi ezingama-50.27, sakhuphukela ezingeni elisha.
Inzuzo yokubambisana kanye nokuzuza kubo bonke | Ukubambisana kwezomnotho kanye nokuhweba kuthuthuka kokubili ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi
Eminyakeni edlule, iShayina namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi akhuthaze ukubambisana kwezomnotho nokuhweba ngaphansi kwezimiso zokulingana, inzuzo efanayo, kanye nokubambisana okuzuzayo nokuzuzayo. Njengamanje, iShayina isibe ngumlingani obaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho nokuhweba e-Asia Ephakathi kanye nomthombo wokutshalwa kwezimali.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi umthamo wokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi neChina ukhuphuke ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-24 eminyakeni engama-20, lapho umthamo wokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe waseShayina ukhuphuke ngokuphindwe ka-8. Ngo-2022, umthamo wokuhwebelana phakathi kweShayina namazwe amahlanu ase-Asia Ephakathi uzofinyelela ku-US$70.2 billion, okuyirekhodi eliphezulu.
Njengezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elikhiqizayo, iShayina idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina ibilokhu ijulisa ukubambisana namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi emikhakheni efana nengqalasizinda, ukumbiwa kwe-oyili negesi, ukucubungula nokukhiqiza, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu njengokolweni, ubhontshisi, nezithelo ezivela e-Asia Ephakathi kuya eShayina kuye kwakhuthaza ngempumelelo intuthuko elinganiselayo yokuhweba phakathi kwabo bonke abathintekayo.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kweezokuthutha zesitimela eziwela umngcele, iShayina, iKazakhstan, iTurkmenistan kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuxhumanisa izikhungo njengesivumelwano sokuthutha amakhonteyina iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka; ukwakhiwa kwamakhono okususa intela phakathi kweShayina namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka; "intela ehlakaniphile, imingcele ehlakaniphile, kanye nokuxhumana okuhlakaniphile" Umsebenzi wokuhlola ngokubambisana kanye neminye imisebenzi iye yandiswa ngokugcwele.
Esikhathini esizayo, iShayina namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi azokwakha inethiwekhi yokuxhumana enezinhlangothi ezintathu nebanzi ehlanganisa imigwaqo, izitimela, izindiza, amachweba, njll., ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezimo ezilula kakhulu zokushintshisana kwabasebenzi kanye nokusakazwa kwezimpahla. Amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe azohlanganyela ngokujulile ekubambisaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezokuthuthwa kwempahla kwamazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, okudala amathuba amasha ezomnotho kanye nokuhwebelana kwezomnotho phakathi kweShayina ne-Asia Ephakathi.
Ingqungquthela isizoqala. Uyini umbono wakho ngokubambisana kwezomnotho kanye nokuhweba phakathi kweShayina namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi?
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-19-2023
