Idan ana maganar jigilar kaya daga ƙasashen waje, fahimtar bambanci tsakanin FCL (Full Container Load) da LCL (Ƙasa da Kwantena Load) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kasuwanci da daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke son jigilar kaya. Dukansu FCL da LCL suna da mahimmanci.jigilar kaya ta tekuayyukan da masu jigilar kaya ke bayarwa kuma muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin jigilar kayayyaki da samar da kayayyaki. Ga manyan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin FCL da LCL a jigilar kaya ta ƙasashen waje:
1. Yawan kayayyaki:
- FCL: Ana amfani da cikakken kaya na kwantena lokacin da girman kaya ya isa ya cika kwantenan gaba ɗaya, ko ƙasa da cikakken kwantenan. Wannan yana nufin dukkan kwantenan an keɓe su ne ga kayan mai jigilar kaya. Mai jigilar kaya yana ɗaukar dukkan kwantenan don ɗaukar kayansu, yana guje wa haɗuwa da wasu kayayyaki. Wannan ya dace musamman ga yanayi mai yawan kaya, kamar masana'antu suna fitar da kaya da yawa, 'yan kasuwa suna siyan kayan masana'antu da yawa, ko masu jigilar kaya suna samo kayayyaki daga masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa donhaɗin kaijigilar kaya.
- LCL: Idan girman kaya bai cika kwantenar gaba ɗaya ba, ana amfani da LCL (Ƙarancin Kwantena Load). A wannan yanayin, ana haɗa kayan mai jigilar kaya da kayan sauran masu jigilar kaya don cike kwantenar gaba ɗaya. Daga nan kayan zai raba sarari a cikin kwantenar kuma a sauke shi da zarar ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa. An tsara wannan don ƙananan jigilar kaya, yawanci tsakanin mita 1 zuwa 15 a kowace jigilar kaya. Misalan sun haɗa da ƙananan tarin kayayyaki daga kamfanoni masu farawa ko ƙananan oda daga ƙananan 'yan kasuwa masu matsakaici da matsakaici.
Lura:Yawanci layin rabawa shine mita 15 na cubic. Idan girman ya fi CBM 15 girma, ana iya jigilar shi ta FCL, kuma idan girman ya fi CBM 15 girma, LCL za ta iya jigilar shi. Tabbas, idan kuna son amfani da akwati gaba ɗaya don ɗora kayanku, hakan ma yana yiwuwa.
2. Yanayi masu dacewa:
-FCL: Ya dace da jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa, kamar masana'antu, manyan dillalai ko cinikin kayayyaki masu yawa.
-LCL: Ya dace da jigilar kaya na ƙananan da matsakaitan kayayyaki, kamar ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni, kasuwancin e-commerce na ƙetare iyaka ko kayan mutum.
3. Inganci a Farashi:
- FCL:Ko da yake jigilar kaya ta FCL na iya zama mafi tsada fiye da LCL, saboda farashin "cikakken akwati", tsarin kuɗin yana da ɗan gyara, wanda ya ƙunshi "jigilar kaya ta kwantena (ana cajin kowace akwati, kamar kimanin $2,500 don kwantenar 40HQ daga Shenzhen zuwa New York), kuɗin sarrafawa (THC, ana cajin kowace akwati), kuɗin yin rajista, da kuɗin takardu." Waɗannan kuɗaɗen ba su dogara da ainihin girman ko nauyin kayan da ke cikin kwantenar ba (muddin ya faɗi cikin nauyin ko girman da ake buƙata). Mai jigilar kaya yana biyan kuɗin dukkan kwantenar, ko da kuwa an cika shi sosai. Saboda haka, masu jigilar kaya waɗanda suka cika kwantenarsu gwargwadon iko za su ga ƙarancin "kuɗin kaya a kowace kwantenar."
- LCL: Ga ƙananan adadi, jigilar LCL galibi ya fi araha saboda masu jigilar kaya suna biyan kuɗin sararin da kayansu ke ciki ne kawai a cikin kwantenar da aka raba.Ana cajin kuɗin da bai kai na Kwantena (LCL) ba bisa ga "ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi", bisa ga girman ko nauyin jigilar kaya (ana amfani da mafi girman "nauyin girma" da "ainihin nauyi" don lissafi, watau "ana cajin mafi girma"). Waɗannan kuɗaɗen sun haɗa da ƙimar jigilar kaya ta kowace mita cubic (misali, kimanin $20 ga kowace CBM daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai zuwaMiamitashar jiragen ruwa), kuɗin LCL (bisa ga girma), kuɗin sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa (bisa ga girma), da kuma kuɗin haɓaka (ana caji a tashar jiragen ruwa da za a je da kuma bisa ga girma). Bugu da ƙari, LCL na iya haifar da "ƙarancin ƙimar jigilar kaya." Idan girman kaya ya yi ƙanƙanta (misali, ƙasa da mita 1 mai siffar cubic), masu jigilar kaya yawanci suna cajin "ƙarancin CBM 1" don guje wa hauhawar farashi saboda ƙananan jigilar kaya.
Lura:Lokacin caji don FCL, farashin kowace naúrar yana ƙasa, wanda babu shakka. Ana cajin LCL akan kowace mita mai siffar cubic, kuma yana da inganci idan adadin mita mai siffar cubic ya ƙanƙanta. Amma wani lokacin idan jimlar kuɗin jigilar kaya ya yi ƙasa, farashin akwati na iya zama mafi arha fiye da LCL, musamman lokacin da kayan ke gab da cika akwatin. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a kwatanta ambaton hanyoyin biyu lokacin da ake fuskantar wannan yanayin.
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4. Tsaro da Haɗari:
- FCL: Ga cikakken jigilar kwantena, abokin ciniki yana da cikakken iko akan dukkan kwantena, kuma ana loda kayayyaki kuma ana rufe su a cikin kwantena a wurin da aka samo su. Wannan yana rage haɗarin lalacewa ko ɓarna yayin jigilar kaya yayin da kwantena ba ta buɗe ba har sai ta isa inda za ta je.
- LCL: A cikin jigilar kaya ta LCL, ana haɗa kayayyaki da wasu kayayyaki, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin lalacewa ko asara yayin lodawa, sauke kaya da jigilar kaya a wurare daban-daban a hanya.Mafi mahimmanci, mallakar kaya na LCL yana buƙatar "sa ido kan kwantena da sauran masu jigilar kaya". Idan wata matsala ta taso yayin share kwastan na jigilar kaya (kamar bambance-bambancen takardu), kwastam na iya tsare dukkan kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa da za a kai, wanda hakan zai hana sauran masu jigilar kaya ɗaukar kayansu akan lokaci kuma a kaikaice yana ƙara "haɗarin haɗin gwiwa."
5. Lokacin jigilar kaya:
- FCL: Jigilar FCL yawanci tana da ɗan gajeren lokacin jigilar kaya fiye da jigilar LCL. Wannan saboda kwantena na FCL suna tashi daga ma'ajiyar mai kaya, ana ɗaukar su kuma ana loda su kai tsaye a ma'ajiyar, sannan a kai su farfajiyar tashar jiragen ruwa a tashar tashi don jiran lodi, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar haɗa kaya. A lokacin lodi, ana ɗaga FCL kai tsaye a kan jirgin, ana sauke shi daga jirgin kai tsaye zuwa farfajiya, yana hana jinkiri da wasu kaya ke haifarwa. Da isowa tashar jiragen ruwa da za a nufa, ana iya sauke kwantena na FCL kai tsaye daga jirgin zuwa farfajiya, wanda ke ba wa mai jigilar kaya ko wakili damar tattara kwantena bayan kammala share kwastam. Wannan tsari mai sauƙi yana rage adadin matakai da matsakaicin juyawa, yana kawar da buƙatar ƙarin rabuwar kwantena. Jigilar FCL yawanci yana da kwanaki 3-7 da sauri fiye da LCL. Misali, dagaShenzhen, China zuwa Los Angeles, Amurka, jigilar kaya ta FCL yawanci tana ɗaukarKwanaki 12 zuwa 18.
- LCL:Jigilar LCL tana buƙatar haɗa kaya da sauran kayan jigilar kaya. Masu jigilar kaya ko masu samar da kayayyaki dole ne su fara isar da kayansu zuwa wani "ma'ajiyar LCL" da aka keɓe wanda mai jigilar kaya ya tsara (ko kuma mai jigilar kaya zai iya ɗaukar kayan). Ma'ajiyar dole ne ta jira kayan daga masu jigilar kaya da yawa su iso (yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1-3 ko fiye) kafin a haɗa da kuma tattara kayan. Batun share kwastan ko jinkiri game da duk wani jigilar kaya kafin a ɗora dukkan kwantena zai jinkirta ɗaukar dukkan kwantena. Da isowa, dole ne a kai kwantena zuwa ma'ajiyar LCL a tashar jiragen ruwa, inda aka raba kayan daga kowane mai jigilar kaya sannan a sanar da mai jigilar kaya don ɗaukar kayan. Wannan tsarin rabuwa na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 2-4, kuma matsalolin share kwastam tare da kayan sauran masu jigilar kaya na iya shafar tattara kayan kwantena. Saboda haka, jigilar LCL na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Misali, jigilar LCL daga Shenzhen zuwa Los Angeles yawanci yana ɗaukar lokaciKwanaki 15 zuwa 23, tare da manyan canje-canje.
6. Sassauci da iko:
- FCL: Abokan ciniki za su iya shirya shirya kaya da rufe kaya da kansu, domin ana amfani da dukkan kwantena don jigilar kayan.A lokacin share fage na kwastam, masu jigilar kaya suna buƙatar bayyana kayansu daban-daban, ba tare da duba takardun wasu masu jigilar kaya ba. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa tsarin kuma yana hana share fage na kwastam daga wasu. Muddin an kammala takaddun nasu (kamar takardar ɗaukar kaya, jerin kayan da aka ɗauka, takardar kuɗi, da takardar shaidar asali), yawanci ana kammala share fage na kwastam cikin kwana 1-2. Bayan isarwa, masu jigilar kaya za su iya ɗaukar dukkan kwantena kai tsaye a tashar jiragen ruwa bayan share fage na kwastam, ba tare da jira a sauke wasu kaya ba. Wannan ya dace musamman ga yanayi da ke buƙatar isar da kaya cikin sauri da kuma jigilar kaya mai tsauri daga baya (misali, tarinkayan kwalliyakayan marufi da ake jigilar su daga China zuwa Amurka waɗanda suka isa tashar jiragen ruwa kuma suna buƙatar a kai su nan da nan zuwa masana'anta don cikewa da marufi).
- LCL: Kamfanonin jigilar kaya galibi suna samar da LCL, waɗanda ke da alhakin haɗa kayan abokan ciniki da yawa da jigilar su a cikin akwati ɗaya.A lokacin da ake share fage na kwastam, duk da cewa kowanne mai jigilar kaya yana bayyana kayansa daban-daban, tunda kayan suna cikin akwati ɗaya, idan aka jinkirta share fage na kwastam na jigilar kaya ɗaya (misali, saboda rashin takardar shaidar asali ko takaddamar rarrabuwa), kwastam ba zai iya sakin dukkan kwantenar ba. Ko da sauran masu jigilar kaya sun kammala share fage na kwastam, ba za su iya ɗaukar kayansu ba. Lokacin ɗaukar kaya, masu jigilar kaya dole ne su jira har sai an kai kwantenar zuwa ma'ajiyar LCL kuma a cire kayan kafin su iya ɗaukar kayansu. Cire kaya kuma yana buƙatar jira har sai ma'ajiyar ta shirya tsarin cire kaya (wanda zai iya shafar aikin ma'ajiyar da ci gaban ɗaukar sauran masu jigilar kaya). Ba kamar FCL ba, wanda ke ba da "ɗauka nan take bayan share fage na kwastam," wannan yana rage sassauci.
Ta hanyar bayanin da ke sama game da bambanci tsakanin jigilar kaya ta FCL da LCL, shin kun sami ƙarin fahimta? Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da jigilar kaya, don Allahduba Senghor Logistics.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-23-2024
