Xa kufikwa kwimiba yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-FCL (Full Container Load) kunye ne-LCL (Less than Container Load) kubalulekile kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye abafuna ukuthumela impahla. Zombini i-FCL kunye ne-LCL zibalulekile.imithwalo yolwandleiinkonzo ezinikezelwa ngabathuthi bempahla kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-logistics kunye ne-supply chain. Oku kulandelayo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL kwi-shipment yamazwe ngamazwe:
1. Ubungakanani beempahla:
- I-FCL: Umthwalo weContainer opheleleyo usetyenziswa xa umthamo wempahla wanele ukuzalisa isitya sonke, okanye ngaphantsi kwesitya esipheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isitya sonke sinikezelwe kwimpahla yomthumeli. Umthumeli uqesha isitya sonke ukuba sithwale imithwalo yakhe, ephepha ukuxuba nezinye iimpahla. Oku kufaneleka ngakumbi kwiimeko apho imithwalo mininzi, njengeefektri ezithumela ngaphandle imithwalo emininzi, abarhwebi abathenga iimpahla zoshishino ngobuninzi, okanye abathumeli abafumana iimveliso kubaboneleli abaninzi.idityanisiweukuthunyelwa.
- I-LCL: Xa umthamo wempahla ungazalisi isitya sonke, kusetyenziswa i-LCL (Umthwalo weContainer Ongaphantsi). Kule meko, umthwalo womthumeli udityaniswa neminye imithwalo yabathumeli ukuze kuzaliswe isitya sonke. Emva koko imithwalo yabelana ngendawo ngaphakathi kwisitya kwaye ithululwa xa ifika kwizibuko eliya kulo. Oku kwenzelwe ukuthunyelwa okuncinci, okuqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-15 cubic metres ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye. Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhetshi ezincinci zeemveliso ezivela kwiinkampani ezintsha okanye ii-odolo ezincinci, ezivela kubarhwebi abancinci nabaphakathi.
Phawula:Ii-cubic metres ezili-15 zihlala ziyindlela yokwahlulahlula. Ukuba umthamo mkhulu kune-15 CBM, ungathunyelwa yi-FCL, kwaye ukuba umthamo ungaphantsi kwe-15 CBM, ungathunyelwa yi-LCL. Kakade ke, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa isitya esipheleleyo ukulayisha iimpahla zakho, oko kunokwenzeka.
2. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo:
-FCL: Ifanelekile ukuthunyelwa kweempahla ezininzi, ezifana nokuvelisa, abathengisi abakhulu okanye urhwebo lwezinto ezinkulu.
-LCL: Ifanelekile ukuthunyelwa kweempahla ezincinci neziphakathi, ezinje ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida okanye izinto zomntu.
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko:
- I-FCL:Nangona ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kusenokubiza kakhulu kune-LCL, ngenxa yexabiso "lesikhongozeli esipheleleyo", ulwakhiwo lwentlawulo aluguquki, ikakhulu luquka "umthwalo wesikhongozeli (ohlawuliswayo ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, njenge-$2,500 kwisikhongozeli se-40HQ ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eNew York), iindleko zokuphatha isiphelo (i-THC, ohlawuliswayo ngesikhongozeli ngasinye), iindleko zokubhukisha, kunye neentlawulo zamaxwebhu." Ezi ntlawulo azixhomekekanga kumthamo okanye ubunzima bomthwalo ongaphakathi kwisikhongozeli (ukuba nje ungaphantsi kobunzima okanye umthamo ofunekayo). Umthumeli uhlawulela yonke isikhongozeli, nokuba silayishwe ngokupheleleyo na. Ke ngoko, abathumeli abazalisa izikhongozeli zabo ngokupheleleyo kangangoko banako baya kubona "iindleko zomthwalo ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo."
- I-LCL: Kwimiqulu emincinci, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kudla ngokuba neendleko eziphantsi kuba abathumeli bahlawula kuphela indawo ekwiimpahla zabo kwisikhongozeli ekwabelwana ngaso.Iindleko ezingaphantsi kweContainer Load (LCL) zihlawuliswa ngokwesiseko "esisekelwe kumthamo", ngokusekelwe kumthamo okanye ubunzima bokuthunyelwa (ubuninzi "bomthamo" kunye "nobunzima bokwenyani" busetyenziselwa ukubala, oko kukuthi "omkhulu uhlawuliswa"). Ezi ndleko ziquka ikakhulu izinga lokuthutha nge-cubic-meter (umz., malunga ne-$20 nge-CBM ukusuka kwizibuko laseShanghai ukuyaIMiamiizibuko), umrhumo we-LCL (ngokusekelwe kumthamo), umrhumo wokuphatha izikhululo (ngokusekelwe kumthamo), kunye nomrhumo wokuhambisa (ohlawuliswa kwizibuko apho uya khona kwaye ngokusekwe kumthamo). Ngaphezu koko, i-LCL inokubangela "ixabiso elincinci lokuthutha." Ukuba umthamo wempahla mncinane kakhulu (umz., ngaphantsi kwe-1 cubic meter), abathumeli bempahla badla ngokuhlawulisa "ubuncinci be-CBM e-1" ukuze baphephe iindleko ezinyuswe kakhulu ngenxa yokuthunyelwa okuncinci.
Phawula:Xa kuhlawuliswa i-FCL, ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye liphantsi, nto leyo engenakuphikiswa. I-LCL ihlawuliswa nge-cubic meter nganye, kwaye ixabisa ngakumbi xa inani lee-cubic meter lincinci. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha xa ixabiso lokuthumela liphantsi, ixabiso lesikhongozeli linokuba liphantsi kune-LCL, ingakumbi xa iimpahla sele zizalisa ikhonteyina. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuthelekisa iikowuteshini zeendlela ezimbini xa udibana nale meko.
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4. Ukhuseleko kunye neengozi:
- I-FCL: Kwi-Full Container Shipping, umthengi ulawula ngokupheleleyo i-container yonke, kwaye iimpahla ziyalayishwa kwaye zivalwe kwi-container apho zisuka khona. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala okanye ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokuthunyelwa njengoko i-container ihlala ingavulwanga ide ifike kwindawo yayo yokugqibela.
- I-LCL: Kwi-LCL shipping, iimpahla zidityaniswa nezinye iimpahla, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokonakala okanye ukulahleka okunokwenzeka ngexesha lokulayisha, ukukhulula nokuhambisa impahla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo endleleni.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ubunini bemithwalo ye-LCL bufuna "ulawulo oluhlanganyelweyo lwezikhongozeli" nabanye abathuthi. Ukuba kuvela ingxaki ngexesha lokususwa kwempahla ethunyelweyo (njengokungangqinelani kwamaxwebhu), yonke i-container inokubanjwa yi-custom kwizibuko lendawo eya kuyo, nto leyo ethintela abanye abathuthi ukuba bathathe iimpahla zabo ngexesha kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo yonyusa "iingozi ezidibeneyo."
5. Ixesha lokuthumela:
- FCL: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokuba nexesha elifutshane lokuthunyelwa kune-LCL. Oku kungenxa yokuba izikhongozeli ze-FCL zisuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla yomthengisi, zithathwa zize zilayishwe ngqo kwindawo yokugcina impahla, emva koko zithuthwe ziye kwindawo yokugcina impahla kwizibuko lokuhamba ukuze zilinde ukulayishwa, nto leyo esusa imfuneko yokuhlanganiswa kwempahla. Ngexesha lokulayisha, i-FCL iphakanyiswa ngqo kwinqanawa, iyikhuphe kwinqanawa ngqo ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla, nto leyo ethintela ukulibaziseka okubangelwa zezinye iimpahla. Xa ifika kwindawo yokugcina impahla, isikhongozeli se-FCL sinokukhutshelwa ngqo kwinqanawa ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla, okuvumela umthumeli okanye iarhente ukuba iqokelele isikhongozeli emva kokugqiba ukususwa kwempahla. Le nkqubo ilula inciphisa inani lamanyathelo kunye notshintsho oluphakathi, isusa imfuneko yokususwa kwesikhongozeli esongezelelweyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokuba ngeentsuku ezi-3-7 ngokukhawuleza kune-LCL. Umzekelo, ukusukaUkusuka eShenzhen, eTshayina ukuya eLos Angeles, eMelika, ukuthunyelwa kweFCL kudla ngokuthathaIintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18.
- I-LCL:Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kufuna ukudibanisa imithwalo kunye nemithwalo yabanye abathuthi. Abathuthi okanye ababoneleli kufuneka baqale bazise imithwalo yabo kwindawo ekhethiweyo "ye-LCL warehouse" echongiweyo ngumthuthi wemithwalo (okanye umthuthi wemithwalo angayithatha imithwalo). Indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka ilinde ukuba imithwalo evela kubathuthi abaninzi ifike (ngesiqhelo ithatha iintsuku ezi-1-3 okanye ngaphezulu) ngaphambi kokuba idityaniswe kwaye ipakishwe imithwalo. Iingxaki zokususwa kwempahla okanye ukulibaziseka kuyo nayiphi na imithwalo ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe yonke imithwalo kuya kulibazisa ukulayishwa kwesitya sonke. Ekufikeni kwayo, isitya kufuneka sithuthwe siye kwindawo yokugcina impahla ye-LCL kwizibuko lokuya kuyo, apho imithwalo evela kumthuthi ngamnye yahlulwe kwaye emva koko umthuthi waziswa ukuba aqokelele imithwalo. Le nkqubo yokwahlulwa ingathatha iintsuku ezi-2-4, kwaye iingxaki zokususwa kwempahla yabanye abathuthi zinokuchaphazela ukuqokelelwa kwemithwalo yesitya. Ke ngoko, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungathatha ixesha elide. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eLos Angeles kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elide.Iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-23, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo.
6. Ukuguquguquka nolawulo:
- I-FCL: Abathengi banokuzilungiselela ukupakisha nokuvala iimpahla ngokwabo, kuba yonke isitya sisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla.Ngexesha lokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu, abathumeli kufuneka bavakalise iimpahla zabo ngokwahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kokujonga amaxwebhu abanye abathumeli ngerhafu. Oku kwenza lula inkqubo kwaye kuthintela ukususwa kwempahla ngerhafu ukuba kungachaphazeleki ngabanye. Ukuba nje amaxwebhu abo (afana nebhili yomthwalo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, kunye nesatifikethi semvelaphi) agqityiwe, ukususwa kwempahla ngerhafu kudla ngokugqitywa kwiintsuku ezi-1-2. Xa bethunyelwa, abathumeli banokuthatha yonke isitya ngqo kwindawo yezibuko emva kokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba eminye imithwalo ikhutshwe. Oku kufanelekile ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifuna ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthuthwa okuqinileyo okulandelayo (umz., iqela leubuhleizixhobo zokupakisha ezithunyelwa eTshayina ukuya e-USA ezifika echwebeni kwaye kufuneka zithuthwe kwangoko ziye kumzi-mveliso ukuze zizaliswe kwaye zipakishwe).
- I-LCL: I-LCL idla ngokunikezelwa ziinkampani ezithumela impahla, ezinoxanduva lokudibanisa iimpahla zabathengi abaninzi nokuzithutha kwisikhongozeli esinye.Ngexesha lokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu, nangona umthumeli ngamnye echaza iimpahla zakhe ngokwahlukeneyo, kuba iimpahla zikwisikhongozeli esinye, ukuba ukususwa kwempahla ngerhafu kwelinye ilori kulibaziseke (umz., ngenxa yesatifiketi semvelaphi esingekhoyo okanye ingxabano yokuhlelwa kwempahla), sonke isikhongozeli asinakukhululwa yirhafu. Nokuba abanye abathumeli bagqibile ukususwa kwempahla ngerhafu, abanakukwazi ukuthathwa kwempahla yabo. Xa bethatha impahla, abathumeli kufuneka balinde de isikhongozeli siziswe kwindawo yokugcina impahla ye-LCL kwaye sikhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukuthathwa kwempahla yabo. Ukukhupha impahla kufuna ukulinda indawo yokugcina impahla ukuba ilungiselele inkqubo yokukhupha impahla (enokuchaphazeleka ngumsebenzi wendawo yokugcina impahla kunye nenkqubela phambili yokuthathwa kwabanye abathumeli). Ngokungafaniyo ne-FCL, enikezela "ukuthathwa kwangoko emva kokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu," oku kunciphisa ukuguquguquka.
Ngenkcazo engentla yomahluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL, ngaba ufumene ukuqonda okungakumbi? Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuthunyelwa kwakho, ncedaqhagamshelana neSenghor Logistics.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-23-2024
