Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL (Full Container Load) kanye ne-LCL (Less than Container Load) kubalulekile kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye abafuna ukuthumela izimpahla. Zombili i-FCL kanye ne-LCL zibalulekile.imithwalo yolwandleizinsizakalo ezinikezwa ngabathumeli bezimpahla futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuthutha kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Okulandelayo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL ekuthuthweni kwamanye amazwe:
1. Inani lezimpahla:
- I-FCL: Umthwalo Wesitsha Esigcwele usetshenziswa lapho umthamo wempahla wanele ukugcwalisa isitsha sonke, noma ngaphansi kwesitsha esigcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitsha sonke sinikezelwe emthwalweni womthumeli. Umthumeli uqasha isitsha sonke ukuba sithwale imithwalo yakhe, egwema ukuxubana nezinye izimpahla. Lokhu kufaneleka kakhulu ezimweni lapho kunemithwalo eminingi, njengezimboni ezithumela izimpahla eziningi kwamanye amazwe, abahwebi abathenga izimpahla zezimboni ngobuningi, noma abathumeli bethola imikhiqizo kubaphakeli abaningi.okuhlanganisiweukuthunyelwa.
- I-LCL: Uma umthamo wempahla ungagcwalisi isitsha sonke, kusetshenziswa i-LCL (Umthwalo Wesitsha Esingaphansi). Kulesi simo, impahla yomthumeli ihlanganiswa nempahla yabanye abathumeli ukuze kugcwaliswe isitsha sonke. Impahla yabe ihlanganyela isikhala ngaphakathi kwesitsha futhi ithululwa lapho ifika echwebeni lokuya kulo. Lokhu kwenzelwe ukuthunyelwa okuncane, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwangu-15 okuthunyelwa ngakunye. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi amaqoqo amancane emikhiqizo evela ezinkampanini ezintsha noma ama-oda amancane, avela kubahwebi abancane nabaphakathi.
Qaphela:Ama-cubic metres ayi-15 ngokuvamile ayindlela yokuhlukanisa. Uma ivolumu inkulu kune-15 CBM, ingathunyelwa yi-FCL, futhi uma ivolumu incane kune-15 CBM, ingathunyelwa yi-LCL. Vele, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa isitsha sonke ukulayisha izimpahla zakho, lokho kungenzeka.
2. Izimo ezisebenzayo:
-FCL: Ifanele ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziningi, njengokukhiqiza, izitolo ezinkulu noma ukuhweba ngezimpahla eziningi.
-LCL: Ilungele ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezincane neziphakathi, njengezinkampani ezincane neziphakathi, i-e-commerce ewela imingcele noma izimpahla zomuntu siqu.
3. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko:
- I-FCL:Nakuba ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kungase kubize kakhulu kune-LCL, ngenxa yentengo "yesitsha esigcwele", isakhiwo semali sizinzile, ikakhulukazi siqukethe "ukuthunyelwa kwesitsha (okukhokhiswa ngesitsha ngasinye, njengokuthi cishe u-$2,500 wesitsha esingu-40HQ sisuka eShenzhen siya eNew York), izindleko zokuphatha i-terminal (i-THC, ekhokhiswa ngesitsha ngasinye), izimali zokubhuka, kanye nezindleko zamadokhumenti." Lezi zimali azincikile kumthamo wangempela noma isisindo sempahla engaphakathi kwesitsha (uma nje ingaphansi kwesisindo noma umthamo odingekayo). Umthumeli ukhokhela isitsha sonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi silayishwe ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, abathumeli abagcwalisa izitsha zabo ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka bazobona "izindleko zokuthutha ngevolumu ngayinye" ephansi.
- I-LCL: Uma kunezinto ezincane, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuvame ukuba ngcono kakhulu ngoba abathumeli bakhokha kuphela isikhala esikuyo izimpahla zabo ngaphakathi kwesitsha esabiwe.Izindleko ezingaphansi komthwalo weContainer (LCL) zikhokhiswa ngesisekelo "esisekelwe kumthamo", ngokusekelwe kumthamo noma isisindo sokuthunyelwa (isisindo esiphezulu "sevolumu" kanye "nesisindo sangempela" sisetshenziselwa ukubala, okungukuthi "esikhulu siyakhokhiswa"). Lezi zindleko zifaka phakathi izinga lokuthutha ngemitha ngayinye (isib., cishe u-$20 nge-CBM ngayinye ukusuka echwebeni laseShanghai kuyaI-Miamiichweba), imali ye-LCL (ngokusekelwe kumthamo), izimali zokuphatha isikhumulo (ngokusekelwe kumthamo), kanye nemali yokususa (ekhokhiswa echwebeni lapho uya khona futhi ngokususelwa kumthamo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-LCL ingase ithole "isilinganiso esincane sokuthutha." Uma umthamo wempahla umncane kakhulu (isb., ngaphansi kwe-cubic meter eyi-1), abathumeli bempahla bavame ukukhokhisa "ubuncane be-CBM eyi-1" ukuze bagweme izindleko ezikhuphukile ngenxa yokuthunyelwa okuncane.
Qaphela:Uma ushaja i-FCL, izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye ziphansi, okuyinto engangabazeki. I-LCL ishajwa nge-cubic meter ngayinye, futhi ibiza kakhulu uma inani lama-cubic meter lincane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lapho izindleko zokuthumela ziphansi, izindleko zesitsha zingase zibe zishibhile kune-LCL, ikakhulukazi lapho izimpahla sezizogcwalisa isitsha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile futhi ukuqhathanisa izingcaphuno zezindlela ezimbili lapho uhlangabezana nalesi simo.
Vumela i-Senghor Logistics ikusize uqhathanise
4. Ukuphepha Nezingozi:
- I-FCL: Ngokuthunyelwa Kwesitsha Esigcwele, ikhasimende lilawula ngokuphelele isitsha sonke, futhi izimpahla ziyalayishwa futhi zivalwe esitsheni lapho zisuka khona. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala noma ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa njengoba isitsha singavulwa kuze kube yilapho sifika lapho siya khona ekugcineni.
- I-LCL: Ekuthunyelweni kwe-LCL, izimpahla zihlanganiswa nezinye izimpahla, okwandisa ingozi yokulimala noma ukulahleka okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukulayisha kanye nokudluliselwa kwezimpahla ezindaweni ezahlukene endleleni.Okubaluleke kakhulu, ubunikazi bempahla ye-LCL budinga "ukuphathwa kwekhonteyina okwabiwe" nabanye abathumeli. Uma kuvela inkinga ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla (njengokungafani kwamadokhumenti), yonke i-container ingavinjelwa ngamakhasimende echwebeni lapho iya khona, kuvimbele abanye abathumeli ukuthi bathathe izimpahla zabo ngesikhathi futhi kwandise ngokungaqondile "izingozi ezihlangene."
5. Isikhathi sokuthumela:
- I-FCL: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ngokuvamile kunesikhathi esifushane sokuthunyelwa kunokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitsha ze-FCL ziyasuka endaweni yokugcina impahla yomhlinzeki, zithathwe futhi zilayishwe ngqo endaweni yokugcina impahla, bese zithuthwa ziye egcekeni letheku echwebeni lokusuka ukuze zilinde ukulayishwa, kuqedwe isidingo sokuhlanganiswa kwempahla. Ngesikhathi sokulayisha, i-FCL iphakanyiswa ngqo emkhunjini, iwuthulula emkhunjini ngqo egcekeni, kuvinjelwe ukubambezeleka okubangelwa eminye impahla. Lapho ifika echwebeni lokuya kulo, isitsha se-FCL singathululwa ngqo emkhunjini siye egcekeni, okuvumela umthumeli noma i-ejenti ukuthi aqoqe isitsha ngemva kokuqeda ukuvunyelwa kwentela. Le nqubo elula inciphisa inani lezinyathelo kanye nokushintshana okuphakathi, kuqedwe isidingo sokususwa okwengeziwe kwesitsha. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukuba ngezinsuku ezingu-3-7 ngokushesha kune-LCL. Isibonelo, kusukelaIShenzhen, eShayina kuya eLos Angeles, e-USA, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukuthathaIzinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18.
- I-LCL:Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kudinga ukuhlanganisa imithwalo nemithwalo yabanye abathumeli. Abathumeli noma abaphakeli kumele baqale bahambise imithwalo yabo "e-LCL warehouse" eqokwe ngumthumeli wezimpahla (noma umthumeli wezimpahla angathatha imithwalo). I-warehouse kumele ilinde ukuthi imithwalo evela kubathumeli abaningi ifike (ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku ezingu-1-3 noma ngaphezulu) ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa nokupakisha imithwalo. Izinkinga zokusulwa kwempahla noma ukubambezeleka nganoma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokulayisha yonke imithwalo kuzolibazisa ukulayishwa kwempahla yonke. Lapho ifika, i-container kumele ithuthwe iye e-LCL warehouse echwebeni lokuya kulo, lapho impahla evela kumthumeli ngamunye ihlukaniswa khona bese umthumeli aziswe ukuthi aqoqe imithwalo. Le nqubo yokuhlukaniswa ingathatha izinsuku ezingu-2-4, futhi izinkinga zokusulwa kwempahla yabanye abathumeli zingathinta ukuqoqwa kwempahla yesitsha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungathatha isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kusuka eShenzhen kuya eLos Angeles kuvame ukuthathaIzinsuku eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-23, ngokushintshashintsha okukhulu.
6. Ukuguquguquka nokulawula:
- I-FCL: Amakhasimende angahlela ukupakisha nokuvala izimpahla ngokwawo, ngoba isitsha sonke sisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla.Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla ngenkani, abathumeli badinga kuphela ukumemezela izimpahla zabo ngokwehlukana, ngaphandle kokuhlola amadokhumenti abanye abathumeli. Lokhu kwenza inqubo ibe lula futhi kuvimbele ukukhishwa kwempahla ngenkani ukuthi kungathinteki abanye. Uma nje amadokhumenti abo (njenge-bill of lading, uhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, kanye nesitifiketi semvelaphi) eseqediwe, ukukhishwa kwempahla ngenkani kuvame ukuqedwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Lapho kulethwa, abathumeli bangathatha isitsha sonke ngqo egcekeni lechweba ngemuva kokukhishwa kwempahla ngenkani, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi eminye imithwalo ithululwe. Lokhu kufaneleka kakhulu ezimweni ezidinga ukulethwa okusheshayo kanye nokuthuthwa okuqinile okulandelayo (isb., inqwabaubuhleizinto zokupakisha ezithunyelwa zisuka eShayina ziya e-USA ezifika echwebeni futhi ezidinga ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha efektri ukuze zigcwaliswe futhi zipakishwe).
- I-LCL: I-LCL ivame ukuhlinzekwa yizinkampani ezithumela izimpahla, ezinesibopho sokuhlanganisa izimpahla zamakhasimende amaningi nokuzithutha esitsheni esisodwa.Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimpahla ngenkani, nakuba umthumeli ngamunye ememezela izimpahla zakhe ngokwehlukana, njengoba izimpahla zifakwe esitsheni esifanayo, uma ukukhishwa kwezimpahla ngenkani kokuthunyelwe okukodwa kubambezeleka (isib., ngenxa yempikiswano yesitifiketi semvelaphi noma ukuhlukaniswa), lonke isitsha alikwazi ukukhishwa ngamasiko. Ngisho noma abanye abathumeli sebeqedile ukukhishwa kwezimpahla ngenkani, abakwazi ukuqoqa izimpahla zabo. Lapho beqoqa izimpahla, abathumeli kumele balinde kuze kube yilapho isitsha silethwa e-LCL warehouse futhi sipakishwe ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukuqoqa izimpahla zabo. Ukukhipha impahla kudinga futhi ukulinda i-warehouse ukuthi ihlele inqubo yokukhipha impahla (engase ithintwe umthwalo wempahla kanye nenqubekela phambili yokuthathwa kwabanye abathumeli). Ngokungafani ne-FCL, enikeza "ukuthathwa ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwezimpahla ngenkani," lokhu kunciphisa ukuguquguquka.
Ngencazelo engenhla yomehluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kanye ne-LCL, ingabe usuthole ukuqonda okwengeziwe? Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwakho, sicelathintana ne-Senghor Logistics.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-23-2024
