He aha nā awa ma nā ʻāina RCEP?
ʻO RCEP, a i ʻole Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, i hoʻomaka mana ʻia ma Ianuali 1, 2022. Ua hoʻonui kāna mau pōmaikaʻi i ka ulu kālepa ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia-Pākīpika.
ʻO wai nā hoa o RCEP?
Loaʻa nā lālā RCEPKina, Iapana, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, a me nā ʻāina ʻumi ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, a me Vietnam), he umikumamalima mau aina. (Kakau ʻia ma ka papa inoa ʻole)
Pehea ka hopena o ka RCEP i ke kālepa honua?
1. E ho'ēmi ana i nā pale kālepa: Ma luna o 90% o ke kālepa waiwai ma waena o nā ʻāina lālā e loaʻa mālie i nā kumukūʻai ʻole, e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina.
2. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina hana kālepa: Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kaʻina hana kuʻuna a me ka nānā ʻana a me nā kūlana kuʻuna, e hāpai ana i ka "kālepa pepa ʻole," a me ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i nā manawa hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute (no ka laʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute o Kina no nā waiwai ASEAN ma 30%).
3. Kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kālepa multilateral honua: ʻO RCEP, e pili ana i ke kumu o ka "openness and inclusiveness," e pili ana i nā ʻoihana waiwai ma nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana (e like me Cambodia a me Iapana), e hāʻawi ana i kumu hoʻohālike no ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻāina a puni ka honua. Ma o ke kōkua ʻenehana, ke kōkua nei nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā ʻāina lālā liʻiliʻi (e like me Laos a me Myanmar) e hoʻonui i ko lākou hiki ke kālepa a me nā āpau hoʻomohala kūloko.
ʻO ke komo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka RCEP ua hoʻonui i ke kālepa ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia-Pākīpika, ʻoiai e hoʻonui ana i ka noi moku. Ma ʻaneʻi, e hōʻike ana ʻo Senghor Logistics i nā awa koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāina lālā o ka RCEP a nānā i nā pono hoʻokūkū kūʻokoʻa o kekahi o kēia mau awa.
Kina
Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o Kina i ka ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe a me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ke kālepa honua, ua kaena ʻo Kina i nā awa he nui mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau. Aia nā awa kaulanaShanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin, a me Hong Kong, etc., a me na awa ma ka muliwai Yangtze, e like meʻO Chongqing, Wuhan, a me Nanjing.
Loaʻa ʻo Kina i 8 o nā awa kiʻekiʻe he 10 o ka honua ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ukana, kahi hōʻike i kāna kālepa ikaika.
Awa o Shanghaike kaena nei i ka heluna nui loa o nā ala kalepa ʻē aʻe ma Kina, me 300, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ala trans-Pacific, ʻEulopa, a me Iapana-South Korea. I ka wā kiʻekiʻe, i ka wā e paʻa ai nā awa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka holo maʻamau o Matson Shipping CLX mai Shanghai a i Los Angeles he 11 lā wale nō.
ʻO ke awa ʻo Ningbo-Zhoushan, kekahi awa nui ma ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze Delta, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe hoʻi i kahi pūnaewele ukana i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia, me nā ala moku i ʻEulopa, Asia Hikina Hema, a me Australia kona mau wahi makemake. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāina ʻāina o ke awa e hiki ai ke hoʻopuka wikiwiki i nā waiwai mai Yiwu, ka hale kūʻai nui o ka honua.
Shenzhen Awa, me ke awa o Yantian a me ke awa o Shekou ma ke ano o kona mau awa lawe mua a me na awa e lawe aku, aia ma Kina Hema. Hoʻohana mua ia i nā ala trans-Pacific, Hikina Hema, a me Iapana-South Korea, e hana ana ia i kekahi o nā awa ʻoi loa o ka honua. Ke hoʻohana nei i kona wahi ʻāina a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka RCEP, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo Shenzhen i nā ala he nui a paʻa i ka lawe ʻana mai a me nā ala hoʻopuka ma ke kai a me ka ea. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o ka hana ʻana i Asia Hikina Hema, ʻaʻole i nele ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema i nā ala moku moana, e alakaʻi ana i kahi transshipment nui o nā hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Asia Hema i ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o Yantian Port.
E like me ke awa ʻo Shenzhen,Awa ʻo GuangzhouAia ma ka mokuʻo Guangdong a he ʻāpana ia o ka puʻupuʻu awa ʻo Pearl River Delta. ʻO kāna awa ʻo Nansha kahi awa hohonu, e hāʻawi ana i nā ala kūpono i ka Hikina Hema, ʻApelika, Middle East, a me ʻAmelika Hema. He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko Guangzhou no ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ke kālepa kūʻai aku, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia ma mua o 100 Canton Fairs, e huki ana i nā mea kālepa.
Awa Xiamen, aia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Fujian, he ʻāpana ia o ka pūʻulu awa kahakai hikina hema o Kina, e lawelawe ana iā Taiwan, Kina, Asia Hikina Hema, a me ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Mahalo i ke komo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka RCEP, ua ulu wikiwiki nā ala ala ʻo Xiamen Port o Asia Hema. Ma ʻAukake 3, 2025, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Maersk i kahi ala pololei mai Xiamen a i Manila, Philippines, me ka manawa hoʻouna ʻana he 3 lā wale nō.
Awa Qingdao, aia ma Shandong Province, Kina, ʻo ia ke awa pahu nui loa ma ka ʻākau o Kina. No ka hui awa ʻo Bohai Rim a lawelawe nui i nā ala i Iapana, South Korea, Asia Hikina Hema, a me ka Trans-Pacific. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona port connectivity me ka Shenzhen Yantian Port.
Awa Tianjin, he ʻāpana hoʻi o ka hui awa ʻo Bohai Rim, lawelawe i nā ala moku i Iapana, South Korea, Russia, a me Central Asia. Ma ka laina me ka Belt and Road Initiative a me ke komo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka RCEP, ua lilo ʻo Tianjin Port i wahi moku moku nui, e pili ana i nā ʻāina e like me Vietnam, Thailand, a me Malaysia.
Awa Dalian, aia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Liaoning ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kina, ma ka Peninsula ʻo Liaodong, e lawelawe nui ana i nā ala i Iapana, South Korea, Russia, a me Central Asia. Me ka ulu ʻana o ke kālepa me nā ʻāina RCEP, ke kū mau nei ka nūhou o nā ala hou.
Awa o Hong Kong, aia ma Kina ʻo Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, ʻo ia kekahi o nā awa paʻa loa a he hub nui i ka pae hoʻolako honua. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kālepa me nā ʻāina lālā o RCEP ua lawe mai i nā manawa hou i ka ʻoihana moku o Hong Kong.
Iapana
Ua māhele ʻia ka wahi ʻāina o Iapana i nā "Wawa Kansai" a me "Wawa Kanto." Aia nā awa ʻo KansaiAwa Osaka a me ke awa o Kobe, oiai ua komo na awa o KantoʻO ke awa ʻo Tokyo, ke awa ʻo Yokohama, a me ke awa ʻo Nagoya. ʻO Yokohama ke awa nui loa o Iapana.
Kōlea Hema
Aia nā awa nui o South KoreaAwa Busan, Awa Incheon, Awa Gunsan, Awa Mokpo, a me Awa Pohang, me Busan Port ka nui loa.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā o ke kau ʻana, hiki i nā moku ukana e haʻalele ana mai ke awa ʻo Qingdao, Kina, a i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa hiki ke kelepona ma ke awa ʻo Busan no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ukana i hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lohi ʻana i kekahi mau lā ma ko lākou wahi e hele ai.
Nuhōlani
Nuhōlaniaia ma waena o ka Pākīpika Hema a me ka moana ʻĪnia. Aia nā awa nuiʻO Sydney Port, Melbourne Port, Brisbane Port, Adelaide Port, a me Perth Port, etc.
Aotearoa
E like me Australia,AotearoaAia ma Oceania, ma ka hikina hema o Australia. Aia nā awa nuiʻO ke awa ʻo Auckland, ke awa ʻo Wellington, a me ke awa ʻo Christchurchetc.
Burunei
ʻO Brunei ka palena o ka mokuʻāina Malaysian o Sarawak. ʻO Bandar Seri Begawan kona kapikala, a ʻo kona awa nuiMuara, ke awa nui loa o ka ʻāina.
Kamabodia
ʻO Cambodia ka palena o Thailand, Laos, a me Vietnam. ʻO Phnom Penh kona kapikala, a ʻo kona mau awa nuiSihanoukville, Phnom Penh, Koh Kong, a me Siem Reap, etc.
ʻInidonesia
ʻO Indonesia ka pae ʻāina nui loa o ka honua, me Jakarta kona kapikala. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Land of a Thousand Islands," ua haʻaheo ʻo Indonesia i ka waiwai o nā awa. Aia nā awa nuiJakarta, Batam, Semarang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Bekasi, Belawan, a me Benoa, etc.
Laosa
ʻO Laos, me Vientiane kona kapikala, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻāina i paʻa ʻia ma Asia Hikina Hema me ke awa ʻole. No laila, hilinaʻi wale ka halihali i nā ala wai o uka, meʻO Vientiane, Pakse, a me Luang Prabang. Mahalo i ka Belt and Road Initiative a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka RCEP, ua ʻike ka China-Laos Railway i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki ke lawe ʻia mai kona wehe ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ke kālepa ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua.
Malaia
Malaia, i māhele ʻia i Malaki Hikina a me West Malaysia, he moku lawe moku nui ma Asia Hikina Hema. ʻO Kuala Lumpur kona kapikala. Haʻaheo ka ʻāina i nā mokupuni he nui a me nā awa, a me nā awa nuiPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, and Kota Kinabalu, etc.
ʻĀina Pilipino
Pilipine, aia ma ke komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika, he pae moku me kona kapikala ʻo Manila. Aia nā awa nuiManila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, a me Davao, etc.
Sinapoa
Sinapoaʻaʻole ia he kūlanakauhale wale nō akā he ʻāina pū kekahi. ʻO Singapore kona kapikala, a ʻo Singapore hoʻi kona awa nui. ʻO ka pahu hoʻokomo ipu o kona awa ma waena o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua, e lilo ana ia i ka hub transshipment ipu nui loa o ka honua.
Tailani
Tailanipalena ʻo Kina, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, a me Myanmar. ʻO Bangkok kona kapikala a me ke kūlanakauhale nui loa. Aia nā awa nuiBangkok, Laem Chabang, Lat Krabang, a me Songkhla, etc.
Maianamara
Aia ʻo Myanmar ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Peninsula Indochina ma Asia Hikina Hema, e pili ana iā Kina, Thailand, Laos, India, a me Bangladesh. ʻO Naypyidaw kona kapikala. Hāʻawi ʻo Myanmar i kahi kahakai lōʻihi ma ka moana ʻĀina, me nā awa nuiʻO Yangon, Pathein, a me Mawlamyine.
Wiekanama
WiekanamaHe ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Peninsula Indochina. ʻO Hanoi kona kapikala, a ʻo Ho Chi Minh City kona kūlanakauhale nui. Haʻaheo ka ʻāina i kahi kahakai lōʻihi, me nā awa nuiHaiphong, Da Nang, a me Ho Chi Minh, etc.
Ma muli o ka "International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," ua loiloi ʻia kahi pae hoʻokūkū.
ʻO kapae alakaʻie komo pū ana me nā awa o Shanghai a me Singapore, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mau mana piha.
ʻO kapae paioniaAia nā awa o Ningbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, a me Busan. ʻO Ningbo a me Shenzhen, no ka laʻana, he mau hub koʻikoʻi ʻelua i loko o ka ʻāina RCEP.
ʻO kapae manaAia nā awa o Guangzhou, Tianjin, Port Klang, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, a me Xiamen. ʻO Port Klang, no ka laʻana, he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ke kālepa ʻĀkia Hema a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka transit.
ʻO kaiwi kuamoʻoAia nā awa hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a pau, me ka ʻole o nā awa i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, i manaʻo ʻia he mau kikowaena moku kuamoʻo.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ke kālepa ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia-Pākīpika ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana awa a me nā moku, e hāʻawi ana iā mākou, ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ukana, me nā manawa hou aku e hui pū me nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻo Senghor Logistics me nā mea kūʻai maiʻO Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, pili pono i nā papa hoʻouna a me nā hoʻonā logistic e hoʻokō i kā lākou pono. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā mea lawe mai me nā nīnaukāhea iā mā˚ou!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-06-2025
