Kodi madoko omwe ali m'maiko a RCEP ndi ati?
RCEP, kapena Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, idayamba kugwira ntchito mwalamulo pa Januwale 1, 2022. Ubwino wake wakulitsa kukula kwa malonda m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific.
Kodi ndani omwe ali ogwirizana ndi RCEP?
Mamembala a RCEP akuphatikizapoChina, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, ndi mayiko khumi a ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, ndi Vietnam), mayiko onse khumi ndi asanu. (Osalembedwa motsatira dongosolo linalake)
Kodi RCEP imakhudza bwanji malonda apadziko lonse lapansi?
1. Kuchepetsa zopinga zamalonda: Kugulitsa katundu woposa 90% pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala pang'onopang'ono sikudzachepetsa msonkho, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe mabizinesi m'derali amawononga.
2. Kuchepetsa njira zamalonda: Kukhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera kasitomu ndi miyezo yowunikira ndi kuyika anthu m'malo ogona, kulimbikitsa "malonda opanda mapepala," ndi kufupikitsa nthawi yochotsera katundu m'malo ogona (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kuchotsera katundu m'malo ogona ku China yawonjezeka ndi 30%).
3. Kuthandizira njira yogulitsira malonda padziko lonse lapansi: RCEP, yozikidwa pa mfundo ya "kutseguka ndi kuphatikizana," imalandira chuma pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wa chitukuko (monga Cambodia ndi Japan), kupereka chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wophatikizana m'madera padziko lonse lapansi. Kudzera mu thandizo laukadaulo, mayiko otukuka kwambiri akuthandiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala osatukuka kwambiri (monga Laos ndi Myanmar) kukulitsa luso lawo la malonda ndikuchepetsa mipata yopezera chitukuko m'madera.
Kuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa RCEP kwalimbikitsa malonda m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific, komanso kwapangitsa kuti kufunikira kwa zombo kukule. Apa, Senghor Logistics idzawonetsa madoko ofunikira m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP ndikusanthula zabwino zapadera za madoko ena ampikisano.
China
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha makampani amalonda akunja ku China komanso mbiri yakale ya malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, China ili ndi madoko ambiri kuyambira kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto. Madoko otchuka akuphatikizapoShanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin, ndi Hong Kong, ndi zina zotero, komanso madoko omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yangtze, mongaChongqing, Wuhan, ndi Nanjing.
China ili ndi madoko 8 mwa madoko 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amanyamula katundu wambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti malonda ake ndi olimba.
Doko la ShanghaiIli ndi njira zambiri zamalonda zakunja ku China, yokhala ndi njira zoposa 300, makamaka zokonzedwa bwino zodutsa Pacific, Europe, ndi Japan-South Korea. Mu nyengo yovuta kwambiri, pamene madoko ena ali odzaza, maulendo a Matson Shipping a CLX ochokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Los Angeles amatenga masiku 11 okha.
Ningbo-Zhoushan Portdoko lina lalikulu ku Yangtze River Delta, lilinso ndi netiweki yonyamula katundu yokonzedwa bwino, ndipo njira zotumizira katundu ku Europe, Southeast Asia, ndi Australia ndi malo omwe amakonda kupitako. Malo abwino kwambiri a dokoli amalola kutumiza katundu mwachangu kuchokera ku Yiwu, sitolo yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Shenzhen Doko, yomwe Yantian Port ndi Shekou Port ndi madoko ake akuluakulu olowera ndi kutumiza kunja, ili ku Southern China. Imagwira ntchito makamaka kudzera m'njira za trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, ndi Japan-South Korea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa madoko otanganidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo ake komanso kuyamba kwa RCEP, Shenzhen ili ndi njira zambiri komanso zodzaza zolowera ndi kutumiza kunja kudzera m'nyanja ndi mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa kupanga kupita ku Southeast Asia, mayiko ambiri aku Southeast Asia alibe njira zambiri zotumizira katundu m'nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutumiza katundu ku Southeast Asia kupita ku Europe ndi United States kudzera ku Yantian Port kukhale kofunikira.
Monga Shenzhen Port,Doko la GuangzhouIli ku Chigawo cha Guangdong ndipo ndi gawo la doko la Pearl River Delta. Doko lake la Nansha ndi doko lozama kwambiri, lomwe limapereka njira zabwino zopita ku Southeast Asia, Africa, Middle East, ndi South America. Guangzhou ili ndi mbiri yayitali ya malonda amphamvu ochokera kunja ndi kunja, osatchulanso kuti yachititsa ziwonetsero zoposa 100 za Canton, zomwe zimakopa amalonda ambiri.
Doko la Xiamen, yomwe ili ku Fujian Province, ndi gawo la doko la kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China, lomwe limatumikira Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia, ndi kumadzulo kwa United States. Chifukwa cha kuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa RCEP, njira za Xiamen Port Southeast Asia nazonso zakula mofulumira. Pa Ogasiti 3, 2025, Maersk idayambitsa njira yolunjika kuchokera ku Xiamen kupita ku Manila, Philippines, yokhala ndi nthawi yotumizira ya masiku atatu okha.
Zithunzi za Qingdao Port, yomwe ili ku Shandong Province, China, ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri losungiramo zotengera kumpoto kwa China. Ndi la gulu la doko la Bohai Rim ndipo limapereka makamaka njira zopita ku Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, ndi trans-Pacific. Kulumikizana kwake ndi doko kuli kofanana ndi kwa Shenzhen Yantian Port.
Doko la Tianjin, yomwenso ili m'gulu la doko la Bohai Rim, imapereka njira zotumizira katundu ku Japan, South Korea, Russia, ndi Central Asia. Mogwirizana ndi Belt and Road Initiative komanso ndi kuyamba kwa RCEP, Tianjin Port yakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri otumizira katundu, kulumikiza mayiko monga Vietnam, Thailand, ndi Malaysia.
Doko la Dalian, yomwe ili ku Liaoning Province kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, ku Liaodong Peninsula, imatumikira makamaka njira zopita ku Japan, South Korea, Russia, ndi Central Asia. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa malonda ndi mayiko a RCEP, nkhani za njira zatsopano zikupitilira kufalikira.
Doko la Hong Kong, yomwe ili ku Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ku China, ndi imodzi mwa madoko otanganidwa kwambiri komanso malo akuluakulu ogulitsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezeka kwa malonda ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP kwabweretsa mwayi watsopano ku makampani otumiza katundu ku Hong Kong.
Japan
Malo a dziko la Japan amagawa dzikolo m'magulu awiri: "Madoko a Kansai" ndi "Madoko a Kanto." Madoko a Kansai akuphatikizapoDoko la Osaka ndi Doko la Kobe, pomwe Madoko a Kanto akuphatikizapoDoko la Tokyo, Doko la Yokohama, ndi Doko la NagoyaYokohama ndiye doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Japan.
South Korea
Madoko akuluakulu ku South Korea akuphatikizapoDoko la Busan, Doko la Incheon, Doko la Gunsan, Doko la Mokpo, ndi Doko la Pohang, ndipo Busan Port ndiye yaikulu kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi ya tchuthi, zombo zonyamula katundu zomwe zimachoka ku Qingdao Port, China, kupita ku United States zimatha kuyimbira ku Busan Port kuti zikadzaze katundu wosadzazidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichedwetse masiku angapo komwe zikupita.
Australia
Australiaili pakati pa nyanja za South Pacific ndi Indian. Madoko ake akuluakulu ndi awaDoko la Sydney, Doko la Melbourne, Doko la Brisbane, Doko la Adelaide, ndi Doko la Perth, ndi zina zotero.
New Zealand
Monga ku Australia,New Zealandili ku Oceania, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Madoko ake akuluakulu ndi awa:Doko la Auckland, Doko la Wellington, ndi Doko la Christchurchndi zina zotero.
Brunei
Brunei amalire ndi dziko la Malaysia la Sarawak. Likulu lake ndi Bandar Seri Begawan, ndipo doko lake lalikulu ndiMuara, doko lalikulu kwambiri mdzikolo.
Cambodia
Cambodia ili m'malire ndi Thailand, Laos, ndi Vietnam. Likulu lake ndi Phnom Penh, ndipo madoko ake akuluakulu ndi awa:Sihanoukville, Phnom Penh, Koh Kong, ndi Siem Reap, ndi zina zotero.
Indonesia
Indonesia ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo likulu lake ndi Jakarta. Imadziwika kuti "Dziko la Zilumba Chikwi," Indonesia ili ndi madoko ambiri. Madoko akuluakulu ndi awaJakarta, Batam, Semarang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Bekasi, Belawan, and Benoa, etc.
Laos
Laos, yomwe likulu lake ndi Vientiane, ndi dziko lokhalo lopanda nyanja ku Southeast Asia lomwe lilibe doko. Chifukwa chake, mayendedwe amadalira njira zamadzi zamkati, kuphatikizapoVientiane, Pakse, ndi Luang PrabangChifukwa cha Belt and Road Initiative ndi kukhazikitsa RCEP, sitima yapamtunda ya China-Laos yawona kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zoyendera kuyambira pomwe idatsegulidwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti malonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa akule mwachangu.
Malaysia
Malaysia, yogawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri: East Malaysia ndi West Malaysia, ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri otumizira katundu ku Southeast Asia. Likulu lake ndi Kuala Lumpur. Dzikoli lilinso ndi zilumba ndi madoko ambiri, kuphatikizapo zilumba zazikulu.Port Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, and Kota Kinabalu, etc.
Philippines
Dziko la Philippines, yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Pacific, ndi chilumba chachikulu ndipo likulu lake ndi Manila. Madoko akuluakulu ndi awa:Manila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, ndi Davao, etc.
Singapore
SingaporeSi mzinda wokha komanso dziko. Likulu lake ndi Singapore, ndipo doko lake lalikulu ndi Singapore. Kuchuluka kwa zotengera za doko lake kuli pakati pa malo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale malo akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi otumizira zotengera.
Thailand
ThailandMalire ndi China, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, ndi Myanmar. Likulu lake komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri ndi Bangkok. Madoko akuluakulu ndi awa:Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Lat Krabang, and Songkhla, etc.
Myanmar
Dziko la Myanmar lili kumadzulo kwa Indochina Peninsula ku Southeast Asia, kumalire ndi China, Thailand, Laos, India, ndi Bangladesh. Likulu lake ndi Naypyidaw. Myanmar ili ndi gombe lalitali pa Nyanja ya Indian, ndi madoko akuluakulu kuphatikizapoYangon, Pathein, and Mawlamyine.
Vietnam
Vietnamndi dziko la kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia lomwe lili kum'mawa kwa Indochina Peninsula. Likulu lake ndi Hanoi, ndipo mzinda wake waukulu ndi Ho Chi Minh City. Dzikoli lili ndi gombe lalitali, ndi madoko akuluakulu kuphatikizapoHaiphong, Da Nang, ndi Ho Chi Minh, etc.
Kutengera ndi "International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," gawo la mpikisano limayesedwa.
Thegulu lotsogolazikuphatikizapo Madoko a Shanghai ndi Singapore, zomwe zikusonyeza luso lawo lalikulu.
Thegulu la apainiyazikuphatikizapo madoko a Ningbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, ndi Busan. Mwachitsanzo, Ningbo ndi Shenzhen onse ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri m'chigawo cha RCEP.
Thegawo lalikuluIzi zikuphatikizapo Madoko a Guangzhou, Tianjin, Port Klang, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, ndi Xiamen. Mwachitsanzo, Port Klang imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamalonda aku Southeast Asia ndipo imathandizira mayendedwe.
Thegawo la msanaimaphatikizapo madoko ena onse a zitsanzo, kupatula madoko omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi malo otumizira katundu.
Kukula kwa malonda m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific kwapangitsa kuti makampani opanga madoko ndi zombo apite patsogolo, zomwe zatipatsa mwayi wochuluka wogwirizana ndi makasitomala m'chigawochi. Senghor Logistics nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makasitomala ochokera kuAustralia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, ndi mayiko ena, kufananiza bwino nthawi yotumizira katundu ndi njira zothetsera mavuto kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zawo. Otumiza kunja omwe ali ndi mafunso ndi olandiridwa kuLumikizanani nafe!
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-06-2025
