Kodi madoko m'maiko a RCEP ndi ati?
RCEP, kapena kuti Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, inayamba kugwira ntchito pa January 1, 2022. Phindu lake lalimbikitsa kukula kwa malonda m’chigawo cha Asia-Pacific.
Othandizana nawo a RCEP ndi ndani?
Mamembala a RCEP akuphatikizapoChina, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, ndi mayiko khumi a ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, ndi Vietnam), okwana maiko khumi ndi asanu. (Sizinatchulidwe mwatsatanetsatane)
Kodi RCEP imakhudza bwanji malonda padziko lonse lapansi?
1. Kuchepetsa zolepheretsa malonda: Kuposa 90% ya malonda a katundu pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala adzalandira ziro tariff pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zamalonda m'deralo.
2. Kufewetsa njira zamalonda: Kuyang'anira ndondomeko za kasitomu ndi kuyang'anira ndi kuika anthu kwaokha, kulimbikitsa "malonda opanda mapepala," ndikufupikitsa nthawi zololeza katundu (mwachitsanzo, ku China kuchotseratu katundu wa ASEAN kwakwera ndi 30%).
3. Kuthandizira dongosolo lazamalonda lapadziko lonse lapansi: RCEP, yozikidwa pa mfundo ya "kutseguka ndi kuphatikizidwa," imaphatikiza chuma pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zachitukuko (monga Cambodia ndi Japan), ndikupereka chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wachigawo padziko lonse lapansi. Kupyolera mu chithandizo chaukadaulo, maiko otukuka kwambiri akuthandiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala osatukuka (monga Laos ndi Myanmar) kukulitsa luso lawo lazamalonda ndikuchepetsa mipata yachitukuko m'chigawo.
Kuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa RCEP kwalimbikitsa malonda m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific, ndikupangitsanso kuchuluka kwa zotumiza. Apa, Senghor Logistics iwonetsa madoko ofunikira m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP ndikuwunika mwayi wapadera wamadokowa.
China
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha malonda akunja ku China komanso mbiri yakale yamalonda apadziko lonse, China ili ndi madoko ambiri kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto. Madoko otchuka akuphatikizapoShanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin, ndi Hong Kong, etc., komanso madoko m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze, mongaChongqing, Wuhan, ndi Nanjing.
China ili ndi madoko 8 mwa madoko 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera katundu, umboni wa malonda ake olimba.
Shanghai Portili ndi njira zambiri zamalonda zakunja ku China, zopitilira 300, makamaka zotukuka bwino za trans-Pacific, European, ndi Japan-South Korea. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, madoko ena akadzaza, kuyenda kwa Matson Shipping CLX kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Los Angeles kumatenga masiku 11 okha.
Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, doko linanso lalikulu mumtsinje wa Yangtze Delta, lilinso ndi njanji yonyamula katundu yokonzedwa bwino, ndipo njira zopitira ku Ulaya, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ndi Australia ndizomwe amakonda. Malo abwino omwe ali padoko amalola kutumiza katundu mwachangu kuchokera ku Yiwu, sitolo yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Shenzhen Port, yokhala ndi Yantian Port ndi Shekou Port monga madoko ake oyambira ndi kutumiza kunja, ili ku Southern China. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira za trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, ndi Japan-South Korea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamadoko otanganidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo ake komanso kuyambika kwa RCEP, Shenzhen ili ndi njira zambiri zolowera ndi kutumiza kunja kudzera panyanja ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chakusintha kwaposachedwa kwakupanga ku Southeast Asia, mayiko ambiri aku Southeast Asia alibe njira zambiri zotumizira zapanyanja zam'madzi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kutumizidwa kwamayiko aku Southeast Asia kupita ku Europe ndi United States kudzera ku Yantian Port.
Monga Shenzhen Port,Guangzhou Portili m'chigawo cha Guangdong ndipo ndi gawo la gulu la doko la Pearl River Delta. Doko lake la Nansha ndi doko lamadzi akuya, lomwe limapereka njira zabwino zopita ku Southeast Asia, Africa, Middle East, ndi South America. Guangzhou ili ndi mbiri yakale yogulitsa kunja ndi kutumiza kunja, osatchulapo kuti yakhala ndi mawonetsero opitilira 100 a Canton, kukopa amalonda ambiri.
Zithunzi za Xiamen Port, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Fujian, ili m'gulu la madoko a kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China, omwe amatumikira ku Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia, ndi kumadzulo kwa United States. Chifukwa chakuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa RCEP, njira za Xiamen Port zaku Southeast Asia zakulanso mwachangu. Pa Ogasiti 3, 2025, Maersk adakhazikitsa njira yolunjika kuchokera ku Xiamen kupita ku Manila, Philippines, ndi nthawi yotumiza masiku atatu okha.
Qingdao Port, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Shandong, ku China, ndiye doko lalikulu kwambiri kumpoto kwa China. Ndi gulu la doko la Bohai Rim ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito njira zopita ku Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, ndi trans-Pacific. Kulumikizana kwake ndi doko ndikufanana ndi ku Shenzhen Yantian Port.
Tianjin Port, yomwenso ili m'gulu la gulu la Bohai Rim port, imatumiza mayendedwe opita ku Japan, South Korea, Russia, ndi Central Asia. Mogwirizana ndi Belt and Road Initiative komanso ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa RCEP, Tianjin Port yakhala malo ofunikira otumizira, kulumikiza mayiko monga Vietnam, Thailand, ndi Malaysia.
Dalian Port, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Liaoning kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa China, ku Liaodong Peninsula, makamaka imatumiza misewu yopita ku Japan, South Korea, Russia, ndi Central Asia. Chifukwa chakukula kwa malonda ndi mayiko a RCEP, nkhani za njira zatsopano zikupitilirabe.
Hong Kong Port, yomwe ili ku China ku Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, ilinso limodzi mwamadoko otanganidwa kwambiri komanso malo akuluakulu ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchulukitsa kwa malonda ndi mayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP kwabweretsa mwayi watsopano kumakampani onyamula katundu ku Hong Kong.
Japan
Malo aku Japan amawagawa kukhala "Madoko a Kansai" ndi "Madoko a Kanto." Madoko a Kansas akuphatikizapoOsaka Port ndi Kobe Port, pamene Kanto Ports akuphatikizapoTokyo Port, Yokohama Port, ndi Nagoya Port. Yokohama ndiye doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Japan.
South Korea
Madoko akulu aku South Korea akuphatikizapoBusan Port, Incheon Port, Gunsan Port, Mokpo Port, ndi Pohang Port, ndi Busan Port kukhala yayikulu kwambiri.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yopuma, zombo zonyamula katundu zomwe zikuchoka ku Qingdao Port, China, kupita ku United States zikhoza kuitanitsa ku Busan Port kuti zidzaze katundu wosadzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achedwe kwa masiku angapo akupita.
Australia
Australiaili pakati pa South Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Madoko ake akuluakulu akuphatikizapoSydney Port, Melbourne Port, Brisbane Port, Adelaide Port, ndi Perth Port, ndi zina.
New Zealand
Monga Australia,New Zealandili ku Oceania, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Madoko ake akuluakulu akuphatikizapoAuckland Port, Wellington Port, ndi Christchurch Portndi zina.
Brunei
Brunei amalire ndi dziko la Malaysia la Sarawak. Likulu lake ndi Bandar Seri Begawan, ndipo doko lake lalikulu ndiMuara, doko lalikulu kwambiri m’dzikoli.
Cambodia
Cambodia imadutsa Thailand, Laos, ndi Vietnam. Likulu lake ndi Phnom Penh, ndipo madoko ake akulu akuphatikizaSihanoukville, Phnom Penh, Koh Kong, ndi Siem Reap, ndi zina.
Indonesia
Dziko la Indonesia ndilo likulu la zisumbu zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo likulu lake ndi Jakarta. Dziko la Indonesia lotchedwa “Land of a Thousand Islands” lili ndi madoko ambiri. Madoko akuluakulu akuphatikizapoJakarta, Batam, Semarang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Bekasi, Belawan, and Benoa, etc.
Laos
Laos, yomwe ili likulu la dziko la Vientiane, ndi dziko lokhalo lopanda mtunda ku Southeast Asia lopanda doko. Chifukwa chake, zoyendera zimangodalira mitsinje yakumtunda, kuphatikizaVientiane, Pakse, ndi Luang Prabang. Chifukwa cha Belt and Road Initiative komanso kukhazikitsa RCEP, njanji ya China-Laos Railway yawona kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe kuyambira pomwe idatsegulidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti malonda achuluke mwachangu pakati pa mayiko awiriwa.
Malaysia
Malaysia, yogawidwa ku East Malaysia ndi West Malaysia, ndi malo ofunika kwambiri otumizira sitima ku Southeast Asia. Likulu lake ndi Kuala Lumpur. Dzikoli lilinso ndi zilumba zambiri ndi madoko, ndi zazikulu kuphatikizaPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, and Kota Kinabalu, etc.
Philippines
The Philippines, yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, ndi zisumbu zomwe likulu lake ndi Manila. Madoko akuluakulu akuphatikizapoManila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, ndi Davao, etc.
Singapore
Singaporesi mzinda wokha komanso dziko. Likulu lake ndi Singapore, ndipo doko lake lalikulu ndi Singapore. Zotengera zomwe zili padoko lake ndizomwe zili pamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi otumizira zinthu.
Thailand
Thailandkumalire ndi China, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, ndi Myanmar. Likulu lake komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri ndi Bangkok. Madoko akuluakulu akuphatikizapoBangkok, Laem Chabang, Lat Krabang, and Songkhla, etc.
Myanmar
Dziko la Myanmar lili kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Indochina ku Southeast Asia, kumalire ndi China, Thailand, Laos, India, ndi Bangladesh. Likulu lake ndi Naypyidaw. Myanmar ili ndi gombe lalitali pa Nyanja ya Indian, ndi madoko akuluakulu kuphatikizaYangon, Pathein, and Mawlamyine.
Vietnam
Vietnamndi dziko la Southeast Asia lomwe lili kum'mawa kwa Indochina Peninsula. Likulu lake ndi Hanoi, ndipo mzinda waukulu kwambiri ndi Ho Chi Minh City. Dzikoli lili ndi gombe lalitali, lomwe lili ndi madoko akuluakulu kuphatikizaHaiphong, Da Nang, ndi Ho Chi Minh, etc.
Kutengera "International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," gawo lampikisano limawunikidwa.
Thegawo lotsogolerazikuphatikiza Madoko a Shanghai ndi Singapore, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo kokwanira.
Thegawo la upainiyazikuphatikizapo Madoko a Ningbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, ndi Busan. Mwachitsanzo, Ningbo ndi Shenzhen, onse ndi malo ofunikira mkati mwa dera la RCEP.
Thegawo lalikuluzikuphatikizapo Madoko a Guangzhou, Tianjin, Port Klang, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, ndi Xiamen. Mwachitsanzo, Port Klang imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazamalonda ku Southeast Asia ndipo imathandizira kuyenda.
Thegawo la msanazikuphatikizanso madoko ena onse, kupatula madoko omwe tawatchulawa, omwe amatengedwa ngati malo otumizira kumbuyo.
Kukula kwa malonda m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific kwayendetsa chitukuko cha mafakitale a doko ndi zotumiza katundu, zomwe zimatipatsa ife, monga otumiza katundu, mwayi wochuluka wogwirizana ndi makasitomala m'deralo. Senghor Logistics nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ochokeraAustralia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, ndi mayiko ena, kufananiza ndendende ndandanda zotumizira ndi njira zothetsera mayendedwe kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zawo. Ogulitsa kunja omwe ali ndi mafunso ndiolandilidwaLumikizanani nafe!
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-06-2025
