Ndezvipi zviteshi zvengarava munyika dzeRCEP?
RCEP, kana kuti Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo musi wa1 Ndira, 2022. Zvakanakira zvayo zvakawedzera kukura kwekutengeserana munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific.
Ndivanaani vanobatana neRCEP?
Nhengo dzeRCEP dzinosanganisiraChina, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, nenyika gumi dzeASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, neVietnam), nyika gumi neshanu dzese. (Dzakanyorwa pasina kurongeka kwakatarwa)
RCEP inokanganisa sei kutengeserana kwepasi rose?
1. Kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana: Kutengeserana kwezvinhu zvinodarika 90% pakati penyika dziri nhengo kuchaita kuti pasave nemitero inobhadhariswa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mitengo yemabhizinesi ari munharaunda iyi.
2. Kurerutsa maitiro ekutengeserana: Kugadzirisa maitiro emitero, kuongorora uye kupatsanura vanhu, kukurudzira "kutengeserana kusina mapepa," uye kupfupisa nguva dzemitero (semuenzaniso, kushanda zvakanaka kwemitero yemitero yekutengeserana kwezvinhu zveASEAN muChina kwakawedzera ne30%).
3. Kutsigira hurongwa hwekutengeserana hwepasi rose: RCEP, yakavakirwa papfungwa yekuti "kuvhurika uye kubatanidzwa," inobatanidza hupfumi huri pamatanho akasiyana ebudiriro (senge Cambodia neJapan), ichipa muenzaniso wekubatana kwenharaunda pasi rose. Kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, nyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira dziri kubatsira nyika dzisina kusimukira zvakanyanya (senge Laos neMyanmar) kusimudzira kugona kwadzo kutengeserana uye kuderedza mipata yebudiriro yenharaunda.
Kutanga kushanda kweRCEP kwakasimudzira kutengeserana munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific, ukuwo zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwekutakura zvinhu. Pano, Senghor Logistics icharatidza zviteshi zvakakosha munyika dziri nhengo dzeRCEP uye ichaongorora zvakanakira kukwikwidzana kwezvimwe zvezviteshi izvi.
China
Nekuda kweindasitiri yekutengeserana kwekunze yakafambira mberi muChina uye nhoroondo refu yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese, China ine zviteshi zvakawanda kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe. Zviteshi zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisiraShanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin, uye Hong Kong, nezvimwewo, pamwe chete nezviteshi zvegungwa zviri paRwizi rweYangtze, zvakaita seChongqing, Wuhan, neNanjing.
China ine zviteshi zvisere zvepamusoro-soro zvekutakura zvinhu pasi rose, zvichiratidza kuti kutengeserana kwayo kwakasimba.
Chiteshi cheShanghaiine nhamba huru yenzira dzekutengeserana dzekunze muChina, ine nzira dzinopfuura 300, kunyanya dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka dzinopfuura Pacific, Europe, uye Japan-South Korea. Munguva yemwaka wekumhanya-mhanya, apo dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutakura vanhu dzinenge dzakazara, ngarava dzeMatson Shipping dzinofamba netsoka dzeCLX kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuLos Angeles dzinotora mazuva gumi nerimwe chete.
Ningbo-Zhoushan Portchiteshi chikuru chengarava muRwizi rweYangtze Delta, chinewo network yekutakura zvinhu yakasimbiswa zvakanaka, ine nzira dzekutakura zvinhu kuenda kuEurope, Southeast Asia, neAustralia dziri nzvimbo dzayo dzinofarirwa. Nzvimbo yakanaka yechiteshi ichi inobvumira kutumira zvinhu kubva kuYiwu, supermarket yepasi rose nekukurumidza.
Shenzhen Chiteshi chengarava, ine Yantian Port neShekou Port senzvimbo dzayo huru dzekupinza nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika, iri kuSouthern China. Inonyanya kubatsira nzira dzinopfuura nePacific, Southeast Asia, uye Japan-South Korea, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzakabatikana zvikuru pasi rose. Ichishandisa nzvimbo yayo uye kutanga kushanda kweRCEP, Shenzhen ine nzira dzakawanda uye dzakasimba dzekupinza nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuburikidza negungwa nemhepo. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwekugadzira zvinhu kuenda kuSoutheast Asia munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika zhinji dzeSoutheast Asia hadzina nzira dzakawanda dzekutumira zvinhu mugungwa, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kuSoutheast Asia zvitumirwe kuEurope nekuUnited States kuburikidza neYantian Port.
Kufanana neShenzhen Port,Chiteshi cheGuangzhouiri muGuangdong Province uye chikamu chePearl River Delta port cluster. Nansha Port yayo inzvimbo ine mvura yakadzika, inopa nzira dzinobatsira kuenda kuSoutheast Asia, Africa, Middle East, neSouth America. Guangzhou ine nhoroondo refu yekutengeserana kwakasimba kwekutumira nekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, tisingatauri kuti yakaitisa Canton Fairs dzinopfuura zana, zvichikwezva vatengesi vakawanda.
Chiteshi cheXiamen, iri muFujian Province, chikamu chechiteshi chengarava chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina, chinoshandira Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia, nekumadokero kweUnited States. Nekuda kwekutanga kushanda kweRCEP, nzira dzeXiamen Port dzekuSoutheast Asia dzakakurawo nekukurumidza. Musi wa3 Nyamavhuvhu, 2025, Maersk yakatanga nzira yakananga kubva kuXiamen kuenda kuManila, Philippines, ine nguva yekutumira yemazuva matatu chete.
Qingdao Port, iri muShandong Province, China, ndiyo chiteshi chikuru chengarava chemabhazi kuchamhembe kweChina. Ndecheboka rechiteshi chengarava cheBohai Rim uye chinonyanya kuendesa nzira dzinoenda kuJapan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, uye trans-Pacific. Kubatana kwechiteshi chacho kwakafanana nekweShenzhen Yantian Port.
Chiteshi cheTianjin, iriwo chikamu cheboka rechiteshi chengarava cheBohai Rim, inoshandira nzira dzekutakura zvinhu kuenda kuJapan, South Korea, Russia, neCentral Asia. Zvichienderana neBelt and Road Initiative uye nekutanga kushanda kweRCEP, Tianjin Port yave nzvimbo huru yekutakura zvinhu, ichibatanidza nyika dzakadai seVietnam, Thailand, neMalaysia.
Chiteshi cheDalian, iri muLiaoning Province kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina, paLiaodong Peninsula, inonyanya kushandira nzira dzinoenda kuJapan, South Korea, Russia, neCentral Asia. Nekukura kwekutengeserana nenyika dzeRCEP, nhau dzenzira itsva dziri kuramba dzichibuda.
Chiteshi cheHong Kong, iri muGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area muChina, ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzechiteshi dzakabatikana zvikuru uye inzvimbo huru mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese. Kuwedzera kwekutengeserana nenyika dziri nhengo dzeRCEP kwakaunza mikana mitsva kuindasitiri yekutakura zvinhu muHong Kong.
Japani
Nzvimbo yeJapan inoiparadzanisa kuita "Kansai Ports" uye "Kanto Ports." Zviteshi zveKansai zvinosanganisiraChiteshi cheOsaka neChiteshi cheKobe, nepo Kanto Ports inosanganisiraChiteshi cheTokyo, Chiteshi cheYokohama, uye Chiteshi cheNagoyaYokohama ndiyo chiteshi chengarava chikuru kupfuura zvose muJapan.
Chammhembe Koria
Zviteshi zvikuru zveSouth Korea zvinosanganisiraChiteshi cheBusan, Chiteshi cheIncheon, Chiteshi cheGunsan, Chiteshi cheMokpo, neChiteshi chePohang, Busan Port ndiyo yakakura kupfuura dzose.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munguva yezororo, ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu dzinobva kuQingdao Port, China, dzichienda kuUnited States dzinogona kufona kuBusan Port kuti dzizadze zvinhu zvisina kuzadzwa, zvichikonzera kunonoka kwemazuva akati wandei kwadzinoenda.
Ositireriya
Ositireriyairi pakati peSouth Pacific neIndian Oceans. Zviteshi zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisiraChiteshi cheSydney, Chiteshi cheMelbourne, Chiteshi cheBrisbane, Chiteshi cheAdelaide, nePerth Port, nezvimwewo.
Nyuzirendi
Kufanana neAustralia,Nyuzirendiiri muOceania, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAustralia. Zviteshi zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisiraChiteshi chengarava cheAuckland, Chiteshi chengarava cheWellington, neChiteshi cheChristchurchnezvimwewo.
Bhuruneyi
Brunei inoganhurana nenyika yeMalaysian yeSarawak. Guta rayo iBandar Seri Begawan, uye chiteshi chayo chikuru chiriMuara, chiteshi chengarava chikuru kupfuura zvose munyika.
Kambodhiya
Cambodia inoganhurana neThailand, Laos, neVietnam. Guta guru rayo iPhnom Penh, uye zviteshi zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisiraSihanoukville, Phnom Penh, Koh Kong, uye Siem Reap, nezvimwewo.
Indonezhiya
Indonesia ndiyo nzvimbo huru pane dzose pasi rose, ine Jakarta guta guru. Inozivikanwa se "Nyika yeZvitsuwa Zviuru," Indonesia ine zviteshi zvakawanda zvezvikepe. Zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraJakarta, Batam, Semarang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Bekasi, Belawan, uye Benoa, nezvimwewo.
Rayosi
Laos, ine Vientiane seguta rayo guru, ndiyo yega nyika isina imwe nyika muSoutheast Asia isina chiteshi chengarava. Nokudaro, kutakurwa kunongovimba chete nenzira dzemvura dziri mukati megungwa, kusanganisiraVientiane, Pakse, uye Luang PrabangNekuda kweBelt and Road Initiative pamwe nekushandiswa kweRCEP, China-Laos Railway yakaona kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutakura kubva payakavhurwa, zvichikonzera kukura nekukurumidza kwekutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri idzi.
Marazhiya
Marazhiya, yakakamurwa kuita East Malaysia neWest Malaysia, inzvimbo huru yekutumira ngarava kuSoutheast Asia. Guta rayo guru iKuala Lumpur. Nyika iyi inewo zvitsuwa zvakawanda nezviteshi zvengarava, pamwe nezvikuru zvinosanganisiraPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, uye Kota Kinabalu, nezvimwe.
Firipaini
Philippines, iri kumadokero kwePacific Ocean, ichitsuwa chine guta guru riri Manila. Zviteshi zvikuru zvengarava zvinosanganisiraManila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, uye Davao, nezvimwe.
Singapowo
Singapowoharisi guta chete asiwo inyika. Guta guru rayo iSingapore, uye chiteshi chayo chikuru iSingapore zvakare. Kuburitswa kwemakontena echiteshi ichi kuri pakati penzvimbo dzakakwirira pasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo huru pasi rose yekutakura makontena.
Tairendi
Tairendiinoganhurana neChina, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, neMyanmar. Guta rayo guru uye guru iBangkok. Zviteshi zvikuru zvengarava zvinosanganisiraBangkok, Laem Chabang, Lat Krabang, uye Songkhla, nezvimwe.
Mayanima
Myanmar iri kumadokero kweIndochina Peninsula kuSoutheast Asia, yakaganhurana neChina, Thailand, Laos, India, neBangladesh. Guta guru rayo iNaypyidaw. Myanmar ine mahombekombe marefu pagungwa reIndian Ocean, ine zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraYangon, Pathein, uye Mawlamyine.
Vhetinamu
Vhetinamuinyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia iri kumabvazuva kweIndochina Peninsula. Guta rayo guru iHanoi, uye guta rayo guru iHo Chi Minh City. Nyika iyi ine mahombekombe marefu, ine zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraHaiphong, Da Nang, uye Ho Chi Minh, nezvimwe.
Zvichibva pa "International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," nhanho yekukwikwidzana inoongororwa.
Iyodanho rinotungamirainosanganisira Zviteshi zveShanghai neSingapore, zvichiratidza kugona kwavo kwakasimba.
Iyochikamu chemapiyonainosanganisira Zviteshi zveNingbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, neBusan. Semuenzaniso, Ningbo neShenzhen dzose dziri mbiri nzvimbo dzakakosha mudunhu reRCEP.
Iyodanho guruinosanganisira Zviteshi zveGuangzhou, Tianjin, Port Klang, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, neXiamen. Semuenzaniso, Port Klang ine basa guru mukutengeserana kweSoutheast Asia uye inoita kuti zvifambiswe zvakanaka.
Iyodanho remusanainosanganisira mimwe mienzaniso yechiteshi chengarava, kusasanganisa nzvimbo dzataurwa pamusoro apa, idzo dzinoonekwa senzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu.
Kukura kwekutengeserana munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific kwakatungamira kukura kwemaindasitiri ezviteshi zvengarava nekutakura zvinhu, zvichitipa, sevanotakura zvinhu, mikana yakawanda yekushandira pamwe nevatengi vari munharaunda iyi. Senghor Logistics inowanzo shanda pamwe nevatengi vanobva kuAustralia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, nedzimwe nyika, vachinyatso enderana nehurongwa hwekutumira zvinhu uye mhinduro dzezvekufambisa kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvavo. Vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane mibvunzo vanogamuchirwa kutaura nesu!
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-06-2025
