Ndezvipi zviteshi zviri munyika dzeRCEP?
RCEP, kana kuti Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo musi wa1 Ndira 2022. Zvayakanakira zvakawedzera kukura kwekutengeserana mudunhu reAsia-Pacific.
Ndivanaani vanobatana neRCEP?
Nhengo dzeRCEP dzinosanganisiraChina, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, uye nyika gumi dzeASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, neVietnam), hwerengedzo yenyika gumi neshanu. (Yakanyorwa zvisina kurongeka)
Ko RCEP inobata sei kutengeserana kwenyika?
1. Kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana: Pamusoro pe90% yekutengeserana kwezvinhu pakati penhengo dzenhengo zvishoma nezvishoma zvichawana zero tariffs, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yemabhizimisi munharaunda.
2. Kurerutsa maitirwo ekutengeserana: Kuenzanisa maitiro etsika nekuongorora uye kuvharirwa, kukurudzira "kutengesa pasina mapepa," uye kupfupisa nguva yemvumo yetsika (semuyenzaniso, kuChina kufemerwa kwetsika kwakanaka kwezvinhu zveASEAN kwawedzera ne30%).
3. Kutsigira hurongwa hwekutengeserana kwepasi rose: RCEP, yakavakirwa pamusimboti we "kuvhurika uye kubatanidzwa," inombundira hupfumi huri pamatanho akasiyana ebudiriro (akadai seCambodia neJapan), ichipa muenzaniso wekudyidzana kwedunhu pasi rose. Kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, nyika dzakasimukira dziri kubatsira nyika dzenhengo dzisina kusimukira (seLaos neMyanmar) kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwadzo hwekutengeserana uye mikaha yebudiriro yedunhu.
Kupinda musimba kweRCEP kwakawedzera kutengeserana mudunhu reAsia-Pacific, ukuwo kuchiwedzera kudiwa kwekutakura. Pano, Senghor Logistics ichaunza madoko akakosha munyika dzeRCEP nhengo uye kuongorora yakasarudzika mabhenefiti emamwe eaya madoko.
China
Nekuda kweChina yakasimukira indasitiri yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye nhoroondo refu yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, China ine zviteshi zvakawanda kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe. Zviteshi zvine mukurumbira zvinosanganisiraShanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin, uye Hong Kong, nezvimwewo, uyewo zviteshi zviri pedyo neRwizi rwaYangtze, zvakadai seChongqing, Wuhan, uye Nanjing.
China inomiririra masere epamusoro gumi ezviteshi zvepasirese nekutakura zvinhu, chiratidzo chekutengeserana kwayo kwakasimba.
Shanghai Portine huwandu hukuru hwenzira dzekutengeserana dzekunze muChina, idzo dzinopfuura mazana matatu, kunyanya dzakanyatsogadzirwa trans-Pacific, Europe, uye Japan-South Korea nzira. Munguva yemwaka wepamusoro, kana zvimwe zviteshi zvazara, Matson Shipping anogara nechikepe CLX kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuLos Angeles anotora mazuva gumi nerimwe chete.
Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, chimwe chiteshi chengarava chikuru muYangtze River Delta, inewo dandemutande rakagadzirwa zvakanaka rekutakura zvinhu, rine nzira dzekutumira dzinoenda kuEurope, Southeast Asia, neAustralia nzvimbo dzayo dzinofarira. Nzvimbo yechiteshi chine mukana wenzvimbo inobvumira kukurumidza kutengeswa kwezvinhu kubva kuYiwu, supermarket yenyika.
Shenzhen Port, ine Yantian Port uye Shekou Port seyayo yekutanga kupinza uye kutumira kunze zviteshi, iri kuMaodzanyemba kweChina. Iyo inonyanya kushandira trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, uye Japan-South Korea nzira, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezviteshi zvakabatikana pasi rose. Ichishandisa nzvimbo yayo yenzvimbo uye kupinda musimba kweRCEP, Shenzhen inozvikudza akawanda uye akaomesesa ekunze uye ekunze nzira kuburikidza negungwa nemhepo. Nekuda kwekuchinja kuchangobva kuitika kwekugadzira kuenda kuSoutheast Asia, nyika zhinji dzeSoutheast Asia hadzina nzira dzakakura dzekutakura mugungwa, zvichitungamira mukutakurwa kukuru kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuSoutheast Asia kuenda kuEurope nekuUnited States kuburikidza neYantian Port.
Kufanana neShenzhen Port,Guangzhou Portiri muGuangdong Province uye iri chikamu chePearl River Delta port cluster. Yayo Nansha Port ichiteshi chemvura yakadzika, inopa nzira dzakanakisa dzekuSoutheast Asia, Africa, Middle East, uye South America. Guangzhou ine nhoroondo refu yekupinza uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika, tisingataure kuti yakabata anopfuura zana Canton Fairs, ichikwezva vatengesi vazhinji.
Xiamen Port, iri muRuwa rweFujian, chikamu cheChina chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechiteshi chezvikepe, chiri kushandira Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia, uye kumadokero kweUnited States. Nekuda kwekupinda musimba kweRCEP, Xiamen Port yeSoutheast Asia nzira dzakakurawo nekukurumidza. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 3, 2025, Maersk yakatanga nzira yakananga kubva kuXiamen kuenda kuManila, Philippines, nenguva yekutumira yemazuva matatu chete.
Qingdao Port, iri muPurovhinzi yeShandong, China, ndiyo chiteshi chengarava chikuru kuchamhembe kweChina. Iyo ndeyeboka reBohai Rim port uye inonyanya kushandisa nzira dzekuenda kuJapan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, uye trans-Pacific. Kubatana kwayo kwechiteshi kwakafanana neiyo yeShenzhen Yantian Port.
Tianjin Port, zvakare chikamu cheboka reBohai Rim port, inoshandisa nzira dzekutumira kuJapan, South Korea, Russia, uye Central Asia. Maererano neBelt and Road Initiative uye nekupinda musimba kweRCEP, Tianjin Port yave nzvimbo yakakosha yekutumira, inobatanidza nyika dzakadai seVietnam, Thailand, neMalaysia.
Dalian Port, iri muRuwa rweLiaoning kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina, paLiaodong Peninsula, inonyanya kushandisa nzira dzinoenda kuJapan, South Korea, Russia, uye Central Asia. Nekutengeserana kuri kukura nenyika dzeRCEP, nhau dzenzira nyowani dziri kuramba dzichibuda.
Hong Kong Port, iri kuChina Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, iriwo imwe yezviteshi zvakabatikana zvikuru uye hubhu huru mukugovera kwepasi rose. Kuwedzera kutengeserana nenyika dziri nhengo dzeRCEP kwaunza mikana mitsva kuindasitiri yekutumira yeHong Kong.
Japani
Nzvimbo yeJapan yenzvimbo inoipatsanura kuita "Kansai Ports" uye "Kanto Ports." Kansai Ports inosanganisiraOsaka Port uye Kobe Port, nepo Kanto Ports inosanganisiraTokyo Port, Yokohama Port, uye Nagoya Port. Yokohama ndicho chiteshi chengarava chikuru cheJapan.
Chammhembe Koria
Zviteshi zvikuru zveSouth Korea zvinosanganisiraBusan Port, Incheon Port, Gunsan Port, Mokpo Port, uye Pohang Port, neBusan Port iri hombe.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti panguva yemwaka wekunze, ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu dzinosimuka kubva kuQingdao Port, China, kuenda kuUnited States dzinogona kufona kuBusan Port kuti dzizadze zvinhu zvisina kuzara, zvichikonzera kunonoka kwemazuva akati wandei kwazvaienda.
Ositireriya
Ositireriyairi pakati peSouth Pacific neIndian Oceans. Zviteshi zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisiraSydney Port, Melbourne Port, Brisbane Port, Adelaide Port, uye Perth Port, nezvimwewo.
Nyuzirendi
Kufanana neAustralia,Nyuzirendiiri muOceania, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAustralia. Zviteshi zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisiraAuckland Port, Wellington Port, uye Christchurch Portetc.
Bhuruneyi
Brunei inoganhurana nenyika yeMalaysian yeSarawak. Guta rayo iBandar Seri Begawan, uye chiteshi chayo chikuru chiriMuara, chiteshi chengarava chikurusa chenyika.
Kambodhiya
Cambodia inoganhurana neThailand, Laos, neVietnam. Guta rayo iPhnom Penh, uye madoko ayo makuru anosanganisiraSihanoukville, Phnom Penh, Koh Kong, uye Siem Reap, nezvimwewo.
Indonezhiya
Indonesia ndiro guta guru rezvitsuwa pasi rose, Jakarta riri guta guru. Inozivikanwa se“Nyika Yezvitsuwa Zviuru,” Indonesia ine zviteshi zvakawanda. Zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraJakarta, Batam, Semarang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Bekasi, Belawan, uye Benoa, nezvimwewo.
Rayosi
Laos, ine Vientiane seguta guru rayo, ndiyo yega nyika yakavharirwa nyika muSoutheast Asia isina chiteshi chengarava. Naizvozvo, chekufambisa chinotsamira chete panzira dzemukati memvura, kusanganisiraVientiane, Pakse, uye Luang Prabang. Nekuda kweBelt and Road Initiative uye kuita kweRCEP, China-Laos Railway yakaona kuwedzera kwekutakura kwekutakura kubva pakuvhurwa kwayo, zvichikonzera kukura nekukurumidza kwekutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri idzi.
Marazhiya
Marazhiya, yakakamurwa kuva East Malaysia neWest Malaysia, inzvimbo yakakosha yekutakura muSoutheast Asia. Guta rayo guru ndiro Kuala Lumpur. Nyika zvakare inozvirumbidza zvitsuwa zvakawanda uye madoko, ane makuru anosanganisiraPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, uye Kota Kinabalu, nezvimwe.
Firipaini
The Philippines, iri kumadokero kwePacific Ocean, inzvimbo yezvitsuwa ine guta guru reManila. Zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraManila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, uye Davao, nezvimwe.
Singapowo
Singapowoharisi guta chete asiwo inyika. Guta rayo iSingapore, uye chiteshi chayo chikuru zvakare Singapore. Chiteshi chayo chekutakura midziyo chiri pakati pepamusoro-soro pasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive hombe pasi rose kutakura midziyo yekutakura.
Tairendi
Tairendiinoganhurana neChina, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, neMyanmar. Guta rayo guru uye guta hombe iBangkok. Zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraBangkok, Laem Chabang, Lat Krabang, uye Songkhla, nezvimwe.
Mayanima
Myanmar iri kumadokero kweIndochina Peninsula muSoutheast Asia, yakatarisana neChina, Thailand, Laos, India, neBangladesh. Guta rayo guru ndiNaypyidaw. Myanmar ine mhenderekedzo yegungwa yakareba paIndia Ocean, ine zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraYangon, Pathein, uye Mawlamyine.
Vhetinamu
Vhetinamuinyika yeSoutheast Asia iri kumabvazuva kweIndochina Peninsula. Guta rayo guru iHanoi, uye guta rayo hombe iHo Chi Minh Guta. Nyika iyi ine mhenderekedzo yegungwa refu, ine zviteshi zvikuru zvinosanganisiraHaiphong, Da Nang, uye Ho Chi Minh, nezvimwe.
Kubva pa "International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," chikamu chemakwikwi chinoongororwa.
Thekutungamira chikamuinosanganisira maPorts eShanghai neSingapore, vachiratidza kugona kwavo kwakasimba.
Thepiyonainosanganisira maPorts eNingbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, uye Busan. Ningbo neShenzhen, semuenzaniso, ese ari maviri akakosha hubs mukati meRCEP dunhu.
Thedominant tierinosanganisira maPorts eGuangzhou, Tianjin, Port Klang, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, uye Xiamen. Port Klang, semuenzaniso, inoita basa rakakosha mukutengeserana kweSoutheast Asia uye inofambisa kufamba.
Thebackbone tierinosanganisira mamwe ese emuenzaniso madoko, kusasanganisa madoko ambotaurwa, ayo anoonekwa semaseri ekutumira hubs.
Kukura kwekutengeserana mudunhu reAsia-Pacific kwafambisa kusimukira kwechiteshi chengarava uye maindasitiri ekutakura, zvichitipa isu sevanotakura zvinhu, nemikana yakawanda yekubatana nevatengi mudunhu. Senghor Logistics inowanzo shanda nevatengi kubvaAustralia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, nedzimwe nyika, kunyatsoenderana nehurongwa hwekutumira uye kugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kuzadzisa zvavanoda. Vatengesi vane mibvunzo vanogamuchirwataura nesu!
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-06-2025
