Zithini iizibuko kumazwe e-RCEP?
I-RCEP, okanye i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, yaqala ukusebenza ngokusesikweni nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022. Iingenelo zayo zikhulise ukukhula korhwebo kummandla we-Asia-Pacific.
Ngoobani amaqabane e-RCEP?
Amalungu e-RCEP aqukaITshayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iOstreliya, iNew Zealand, kunye namazwe alishumi ase-ASEAN (iBrunei, iCambodia, iIndonesia, iLaos, iMalaysia, iiPhilippines, iSingapore, iThailand, iMyanmar, kunye neVietnam), amazwe alishumi elinesihlanu ewonke. (Awadweliswanga ngokulandelelana okuthile)
I-RCEP iyichaphazela njani urhwebo lwehlabathi?
1. Ukunciphisa imiqobo yorhwebo: Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yorhwebo lweempahla phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu luya kufikelela kancinci kancinci kwirhafu ye-zero, nto leyo eya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zamashishini akulo mmandla.
2. Ukwenza lula iinkqubo zorhwebo: Ukumisela imigaqo yerhafu kunye nemigangatho yokuhlola kunye neyokuvalela abantu, ukukhuthaza "urhwebo olungenamaphepha," kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okususwa kwerhafu (umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwerhafu yerhafu yempahla ye-ASEAN eTshayina kunyuke nge-30%).
3. Ukuxhasa inkqubo yorhwebo lwehlabathi lonke: I-RCEP, esekelwe kumgaqo "wokuvuleleka nokubandakanya wonke umntu," yamkela uqoqosho olukwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso (ezifana neCambodia neJapan), ibonelela ngemodeli yentsebenziswano yengingqi ebandakanya wonke umntu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoncedo lobuchwephesha, amazwe aphuhlileyo anceda amazwe angaphuhliyo kangako (njengeLaos neMyanmar) ukuphucula amandla awo orhwebo kunye nokunciphisa imingxunya yophuhliso lwengingqi.
Ukuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP kunyuse urhwebo kummandla we-Asia-Pacific, ngelixa kukwavelisa imfuno ekhulayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Apha, iSenghor Logistics iza kubonisa amazibuko abalulekileyo kumazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kwaye ihlalutye iingenelo ezikhethekileyo zokhuphiswano lwezinye zezi mazibuko.
iTshayina
Ngenxa yoshishino oluphuhlileyo lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina kunye nembali ende yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iTshayina inamazibuko amaninzi ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla. Amazibuko adumileyo aqukaIShanghai, iNingbo, iShenzhen, iGuangzhou, iXiamen, iQingdao, iDalian, iTianjin, neHong Kong, njl., kunye namazibuko agudle uMlambo iYangtze, afanaIChongqing, iWuhan, kunye neNanjing.
I-China ineendawo ezisi-8 kwezili-10 eziphambili emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa imithwalo, nto leyo ebonisa urhwebo lwayo oluqinileyo.
Izibuko laseShanghaiinenani elikhulu leendlela zorhwebo lwangaphandle eTshayina, kunye neendlela ezingaphezu kwama-300, ingakumbi iindlela eziphuhliswe kakuhle ze-trans-Pacific, Europe, kunye neJapan-South Korea. Ngexesha lexesha loxinzelelo, xa amanye amazibuko exinene, uhambo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Matson Shipping lwe-CLX ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eLos Angeles luthatha iintsuku ezili-11 kuphela.
Izibuko laseNingbo-Zhoushan, esinye izibuko elikhulu kwiYangtze River Delta, sikwanothungelwano lwempahla oluphuhlileyo, kunye neendlela zokuthumela impahla eziya eYurophu, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, naseOstreliya njengezona ndawo zikhethwayo. Indawo entle yezibuko ivumela ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kweempahla ezivela kwiYiwu, ivenkile enkulu yehlabathi.
IShenzhen IzibukoI-Yantian Port kunye neShekou Port njengezona zibuko ziphambili zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ikwiMzantsi China. Isebenza ngokuyintloko kwiindlela ze-trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, kunye neJapan-South Korea, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona zibuko zixakekileyo kwihlabathi. Isebenzisa indawo yayo kunye nokuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, iShenzhen ineendlela ezininzi nezixineneyo zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ngolwandle nangomoya. Ngenxa yotshintsho lwakutshanje lokuvelisa ukuya eMzantsi Asia, uninzi lwamazwe aseMzantsi Asia alunazo iindlela ezininzi zokuthumela ngolwandle, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhanjisweni okukhulu kweempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eMzantsi Asia eYurophu nase-United States ngeYantian Port.
NjengeShenzhen Port,Izibuko laseGuangzhouikwiPhondo laseGuangdong kwaye iyinxalenye yeqela lezibuko lasePearl River Delta. Izibuko layo laseNansha lizibuko elinamanzi anzulu, elibonelela ngeendlela eziluncedo eziya kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, eAfrika, kuMbindi Mpuma, naseMzantsi Melika. IGuangzhou inembali ende yorhwebo oluqinileyo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ingasathethwa ke into yokuba ibambe iiCanton Fairs ezingaphezu kwe-100, itsala abathengisi abaninzi.
Izibuko laseXiamenI-, ekwiPhondo laseFujian, iyinxalenye yeqela lezibuko laseTshayina elikumzantsi-mpuma wonxweme, elikhonza iTaiwan, iTshayina, iMzantsi-mpuma Asia, kunye nentshona ye-United States. Ngenxa yokungena kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, iindlela zeXiamen Port ezikumzantsi-mpuma Asia nazo zikhule ngokukhawuleza. Ngomhla wesi-3 ku-Agasti 2025, iMaersk yaqalisa indlela ethe ngqo ukusuka eXiamen ukuya eManila, ePhilippines, ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla leentsuku ezi-3 kuphela.
Izibuko laseQingdaoI-, ekwiPhondo laseShandong, eTshayina, yeyona zibuko inkulu yeekhonteyina kumantla eTshayina. Ikwiqela lezibuko laseBohai Rim kwaye isebenza kakhulu kwiindlela eziya eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, nakwi-trans-Pacific. Unxibelelwano lwayo lwezibuko lufana nolwezibuko laseShenzhen Yantian.
Izibuko laseTianjin, ekwayinxalenye yeqela lezibuko laseBohai Rim, ikhonza iindlela zokuthumela iinqanawa eziya eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, eRashiya, naseAsia Ephakathi. Ngokuhambelana neBelt and Road Initiative kunye nokuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, iTianjin Port ibe yindawo ephambili yokuthumela iinqanawa, idibanisa amazwe anjengeVietnam, iThailand, neMalaysia.
Izibuko laseDalian, ekwiPhondo laseLiaoning kumantla-mpuma eTshayina, kwiSithili saseLiaodong, isebenza kakhulu kwiindlela eziya eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, eRashiya, naseAsia Ephakathi. Njengoko urhwebo olukhulayo namazwe e-RCEP lukhula, iindaba zeendlela ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokuvela.
Izibuko laseHong Kong, ekwindawo yaseTshayina iGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, ikwayenye yezona zibuko zixakekileyo kwaye yindawo ephambili kuthungelwano lokubonelela ngempahla kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwanda korhwebo namazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kuzise amathuba amatsha kushishino lokuthumela ngenqanawa lwaseHong Kong.
Japhan
Indawo yelizwe laseJapan iyahlulahlula ibe "ziiPorts zaseKansai" kunye "neePorts zaseKanto." Izibuko zaseKansai ziqukaIzibuko lase-Osaka kunye nezibuko laseKobe, ngelixa iiKanto Ports ziqukaIzibuko laseTokyo, izibuko laseYokohama, kunye nezibuko laseNagoyaIYokohama lelona zibuko likhulu laseJapan.
Khoriya eseMzantsi
Amazibuko amakhulu aseMzantsi Korea aqukaIzibuko laseBusan, izibuko lase-Incheon, izibuko laseGunsan, izibuko laseMokpo, kunye nezibuko lasePohang, iBusan Port yeyona inkulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngexesha lokungabikho kwexesha, iinqanawa zemithwalo ezisuka eQingdao Port, eTshayina, ziya eMelika zinokufowunela eBusan Port ukuze zizalise imithwalo engazaliswanga, nto leyo ebangela ukulibaziseka kweentsuku ezininzi kwindawo eziya kuyo.
Ostreliya
Ostreliyaiphakathi koMzantsi wePasifiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Amazibuko ayo amakhulu aqukaIzibuko laseSydney, izibuko laseMelbourne, izibuko laseBrisbane, izibuko laseAdelaide, kunye nezibuko lasePerth, njl. njl.
I-New Zealand
Njenge-Australia,I-New Zealandikwi-Oceania, kumzantsi-mpuma we-Ostreliya. Amazibuko ayo amakhulu aqukaIzibuko laseAuckland, izibuko laseWellington, kunye nezibuko laseChristchurchnjl. njl.
Bruneyi
IBrunei imida yelizwe laseMalaysia laseSarawak. Ikomkhulu layo yiBandar Seri Begawan, kwaye izibuko layo eliphambili liIMuara, izibuko elikhulu kweli lizwe.
Khambodiya
ICambodia ingumda weThailand, iLaos, kunye neVietnam. Ikomkhulu layo yiPhnom Penh, kwaye amazibuko ayo amakhulu aqukaeSihanoukville, ePhnom Penh, eKoh Kong, naseSiem Reap, njl. njl.
Indoneshiya
I-Indonesia yeyona ziqithi inkulu ehlabathini, idolophu yayo iJakarta. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Land of a Thousand Islands," i-Indonesia ineezibuko ezininzi. Izibuko ezinkulu ziqukaIJakarta, iBatam, iSemarang, iBalikpapan, iBanjarmasin, iBekasi, iBelawan, neBenoa, njl.
Lawos
ILaos, enedolophu enkulu iVientiane, lelona lizwe lingenalo ulwandle kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia elingenalo izibuko. Ke ngoko, ezothutho zixhomekeke kuphela kwiindlela zamanzi ezingaphakathi elizweni, kuqukaIVientiane, iPakse, kunye neLuang PrabangNgenxa yeBelt and Road Initiative kunye nokuphunyezwa kweRCEP, uloliwe waseChina-Laos uye wabona ukwanda kwamandla ezothutho ukusukela oko wavulwa, nto leyo ekhokelele ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza korhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.
Maleyishiya
Maleyishiya, eyahlulwe yiMpuma yeMalaysia kunye neNtshona yeMalaysia, yindawo ephambili yokuthumela imithwalo eMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Ikomkhulu layo yiKuala Lumpur. Eli lizwe likwaqhayisa ngeziqithi ezininzi kunye namazibuko, kunye neziqithi ezinkulu eziqukaIPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, neKota Kinabalu, njl.
Filipayinzi
IiPhilippines, ekwintshona yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, liziko leziqithi elinesixeko salo esikhulu yiManila. Amazibuko amakhulu aqukaManila, Batangas, Cagayan, Cebu, Davao, njl.
Singapho
Singapho ayisosixeko nje kuphela kodwa ikwalilizwe. Ikomkhulu layo yiSingapore, kwaye izibuko layo elikhulu likwayiSingapore. Ubungakanani beekhonteyina zezibuko layo buphakathi kwezona ziphezulu ehlabathini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe yindawo enkulu yokuthutha iikhonteyina emhlabeni.
Thayilendi
Thayilendi imida yeTshayina, iLaos, iCambodia, iMalaysia, kunye neMyanmar. Ikomkhulu layo nesona sixeko sikhulu yiBangkok. Amazibuko amakhulu aqukaIBangkok, iLaem Chabang, iLat Krabang, kunye neSongkhla, njl.
Miyanimar
IMyanmar ikwicala elingasentshona ye-Indochina Peninsula kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kumda weTshayina, iThailand, iLaos, iIndiya, kunye neBangladesh. Ikomkhulu layo yiNaypyidaw. IMyanmar inonxweme olude kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, kunye namazibuko amakhulu aqukaYangon, Pathein, kunye ne Mawlamyine.
Viyethnam
Viyethnamlilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia elikwimpuma ye-Indochina Peninsula. Ikomkhulu lalo yiHanoi, kwaye isixeko salo esikhulu yiHo Chi Minh City. Eli lizwe linonxweme olude, kunye namazibuko amakhulu aqukaIHaiphong, iDa Nang, kunye neHo Chi Minh, njl.
Ngokusekelwe kwi-"International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," kuhlolwa inqanaba lokukhuphisana.
Iinqanaba eliphambiliiquka amazibuko aseShanghai naseSingapore, ebonisa amandla awo apheleleyo.
Iinqanaba labavulindlelaibandakanya amazibuko aseNingbo-Zhoushan, eQingdao, eShenzhen, naseBusan. I-Ningbo kunye neShenzhen, umzekelo, zombini ziindawo ezibalulekileyo kummandla we-RCEP.
Iinqanaba eliphambiliibandakanya amazibuko aseGuangzhou, eTianjin, ePort Klang, eHong Kong, eKaohsiung, naseXiamen. IPort Klang, umzekelo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia kwaye iququzelela ukuthutha.
Iumgangatho womqoloibandakanya zonke ezinye iiports zesampulu, ngaphandle kwezi ports zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ezithathwa njengeendawo zokuthumela iimpahla ezingundoqo.
Ukukhula korhwebo kummandla we-Asia-Pacific kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwamashishini ezibuko kunye neenqanawa, nto leyo esibonelela, njengabathuthi bempahla, ngamathuba amaninzi okusebenzisana nabathengi kulo mmandla. I-Senghor Logistics isoloko isebenzisana nabathengi abavela kwi-IOstreliya, iNew Zealand, iiPhilippines, iMalaysia, iThailand, iSingapore, kunye namanye amazwe, ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neeshedyuli zokuthumela kunye nezisombululo zezothutho ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabo. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe abanemibuzo bamkelekile ukubaQhagamshelana nathi!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-06-2025
