Umthelela Wezindiza Eziqondile vs. Izindiza Zokudlulisa Ezindlekweni Zokuthutha Ezimoyeni
Ezimpahleni zomoya zamazwe ngamazwe, ukukhetha phakathi kwezindiza eziqondile nezindiza ezidluliswayo zithinta kokubili izindleko zezokuthutha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain. Njengabathumeli bempahla abanolwazi, i-Senghor Logistics ihlaziya ukuthi lezi zinketho ezimbili zendiza zithinta kanjaniimpahla emoyeniisabelomali kanye nemiphumela yokusebenza.
Izindiza eziqondile: Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Premium
Izindiza eziqondile (isevisi yephoyinti nephoyinti) zinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile:
1. Ukugwema izindleko zokusebenza ezikhumulweni zezindiza zezokuthutha: Njengoba lonke uhambo luqedwa ngendiza efanayo, ukulayishwa nokwehliswa kwempahla, izindleko zendawo yokugcina impahla, izimali zokuphatha phansi esikhumulweni sezindiza zokudlulisa ziyagwenywa, ngokuvamile okubalela u-15% -20% wesamba sezindleko zokudlulisa.
2. Ukuthuthukisa inhlawulo kaphethiloli: Iqeda amanani engeziwe kaphethiloli wokusuka/wokuhlala amaningi. Uma sithatha idatha kusukela ngo-April 2025 njengesibonelo, inhlawulo kaphethiloli yendiza eqondile esuka e-Shenzhen iya e-Chicago ingamaphesenti angu-22 enani lempahla eliyisisekelo, kuyilapho umzila ofanayo odlula eSeoul uhilela ukubalwa kukaphethiloli okuyizigaba ezimbili, futhi isilinganiso senkokhelo eyengeziwe sikhuphukela ku-28%.
3.Yehlisa ingozi yokulimala kwempahla: Njengoba inani lezikhathi zokulayisha nokuthulula kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha zesibili zomthwalo zincishisiwe, amathuba okulimala kwempahla emizileni eqondile ayancishiswa.
4.Ukuzwela kwesikhathi: Ibalulekile ezintweni ezibolayo. Ikakhulukazi kwezemithi, ingxenye ephezulu yazo ithunyelwa ngezindiza eziqondile.
Kodwa-ke, izindiza eziqondile zithwala amazinga aphezulu angama-25-40% ngenxa yalokhu:
Izindlela zendiza eziqondile ezinomkhawulo: Zingu-18% kuphela izikhumulo zezindiza emhlabeni ezinganikeza izindiza eziqondile, futhi zidinga ukuthwala iprimiyamu yempahla eyisisekelo ephezulu. Isibonelo, intengo yeyunithi yezindiza eziqondile ezisuka e-Shanghai ziya e-Paris iphezulu ngo-40% ukuya ku-60% kunaleyo yezindiza ezixhumayo.
Okubalulekile kunikezwe imithwalo yabagibeli: Njengoba izindiza okwamanje zisebenzisa izindiza zabagibeli ukuthutha impahla, isikhala sesisu silinganiselwe. Esikhaleni esilinganiselwe, idinga ukuthwala imithwalo yabagibeli kanye nempahla, ngokuvamile ngabagibeli njengokuhamba phambili kanye nempahla njengensiza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isebenzise ngokugcwele indawo yokuthumela.
Izindleko ezingeziwe zesizini ephezulu: Ikota yesine ivamise ukuba isizini ephezulu embonini yezokuthutha yendabuko. Lesi sikhathi yisikhathi somkhosi wokuthenga phesheya. Kubathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle, yisikhathi sokuthengwa kwempahla emikhulu evela kwamanye amazwe, futhi isidingo sendawo yokuthutha siphezulu, okukhuphula izindleko zempahla.
Dlulisa Izindiza: Ayibiza kakhulu
Izindiza ezinemilenze eminingi zinikeza izinketho ezifanele ibhajethi:
1. Linganisa inzuzo: Isilinganiso samazinga aphansi angu-30% kuya ku-50% kunemizila eqondile. Imodeli yokudlulisa yehlisa izinga lempahla eliyisisekelo ngokuhlanganiswa komthamo wesikhungo sezindiza, kodwa idinga ukubalwa ngokucophelela kwezindleko ezifihliwe. Izinga lempahla eliyisisekelo lomzila wokudlulisa ngokuvamile liphansi ngo-30% kuya ku-50% kunalelo lendiza eqondile, ekhangayo ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni eziyinqwaba ezingaphezu kuka-500kg.
2. Ukuvumelana nezimo zenethiwekhi: Ukufinyelela kumahabhu esibili (isb, i-Dubai DXB, i-Singapore SIN, i-San Francisco SFO, ne-Amsterdam AMS njll.), okuvumela ukuthuthwa okumaphakathi kwezimpahla ezivela kwimvelaphi ehlukene. (Hlola intengo yezimpahla zomoya ezisuka e-China ziye e-UK ngezindiza eziqondile nokudlulisa izindiza.)
3. Ukutholakala komthamo: 40% ngaphezulu kwezikhala zempahla zeviki zonke emizileni yendiza exhumayo.
Qaphela:
1. Isixhumanisi sezokuthutha singase sibe nezindleko ezifihliwe ezifana nezindleko zokulondoloza isikhathi esengeziwe ezibangelwa ukuminyana ezikhumulweni zezindiza zesikhungo ngezikhathi zonyaka eziphakeme kakhulu.
2. Okubaluleke kakhulu izindleko zesikhathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, indiza yokudlulisa ithatha izinsuku ezi-2-5 ubude kunendiza eqondile. Ezimpahleni ezintsha ezinempilo yeshelufu yezinsuku ezingu-7 kuphela, kungase kudingeke izindleko ezengeziwe ezingu-20%.
I-Cost Comparison Matrix: I-Shanghai (PVG) kuye e-Chicago (ORD), imithwalo evamile engu-1000kg)
| Isici | Indiza Eqondile | Ukuhamba nge-INC |
| Isisekelo Rate | $4.80/kg | $3.90/kg |
| Izimali Zokuphatha | $220 | $480 |
| Inhlawulo Yamafutha | $1.10/kg | $1.45/kg |
| Isikhathi Sokuthutha | 1 usuku | 3 kuya ku-4 izinsuku |
| I-Risk Premium | 0.5% | 1.8% |
| Ingqikithi Yezindleko/kg | $6.15 | $5.82 |
(Ukuze uthole ireferensi kuphela, sicela uthinte uchwepheshe wethu wezokuthutha ukuze uthole amanani akamuva ezimpahla zomoya)
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindleko zokuthutha emoyeni kwamazwe ngamazwe empeleni kuwukulinganisa phakathi kokusebenza kahle komkhumbi kanye nokulawula ubungozi. Izindiza eziqondile zifanele izimpahla ezinamayunithi amanani aphezulu futhi zizwela isikhathi, kuyilapho izindiza ezidluliswayo zifaneleka kakhulu ezimpahleni ezivamile ezizwela amanani futhi zingamelana nomjikelezo othile wezokuthutha. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwedijithali kwempahla yomoya, izindleko ezifihliwe zezindiza zokudlulisa ziyehla kancane kancane, kodwa izinzuzo zezindiza eziqondile emakethe yezimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu azinakushintshwa.
Uma unezidingo zesevisi yezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, sicelaothintana nayeOchwepheshe bezokuthutha be-Senghor Logistics.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-29-2025
