Yiziphi izindawo zokungenisa amanzi emazweni e-RCEP?
I-RCEP, noma i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2022. Izinzuzo zayo zikhulise ukukhula kokuhweba esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific.
Obani abalingani be-RCEP?
Amalungu e-RCEP afaka phakathiIShayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Australia, iNew Zealand, kanye namazwe ayishumi ase-ASEAN (iBrunei, iCambodia, i-Indonesia, iLaos, iMalaysia, iPhilippines, iSingapore, iThailand, iMyanmar, neVietnam), amazwe ayishumi nanhlanu esewonke. (Akufakiwe ohlwini ngokulandelana okuthile)
I-RCEP iyithinta kanjani imboni yezohwebo emhlabeni wonke?
1. Ukunciphisa izithiyo zokuhweba: Ngaphezu kuka-90% wokuhweba ngezimpahla phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kuzofinyelela kancane kancane amanani entela angekho, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zamabhizinisi esifundeni.
2. Ukwenza lula izinqubo zokuhweba: Ukulinganisa izinqubo zamasiko kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlola kanye nokuhlukaniswa, ukukhuthaza "ukuhweba okungenamaphepha," kanye nokunciphisa izikhathi zokukhishwa kwezimpahla zamasiko (isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-China kokukhishwa kwezimpahla zamasiko ze-ASEAN kukhuphuke ngo-30%).
3. Ukusekela uhlelo lokuhweba lomhlaba wonke oluhlanganisa amazwe amaningi: I-RCEP, esekelwe esimisweni "sokuvuleleka nokubandakanya wonke umuntu," yamukela umnotho ezigabeni ezahlukene zentuthuko (njengeCambodia neJapan), ihlinzeka ngemodeli yokubambisana kwesifunda okubandakanya wonke umuntu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe, amazwe amaningi athuthukile asiza amazwe angamalunga angathuthukile kangako (njengeLaos neMyanmar) ukuthuthukisa amandla awo okuhweba kanye nokunciphisa izikhala zentuthuko yesifunda.
Ukuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP kukhulise ukuhweba esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, kuyilapho futhi kudala isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla esikhulayo. Lapha, i-Senghor Logistics izokwethula amachweba abalulekile emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP futhi ihlaziye izinzuzo ezihlukile zokuncintisana zamanye ala machweba.
IShayina
Ngenxa yemboni yezohwebo lwangaphandle ethuthukisiwe yaseShayina kanye nomlando omude wezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iShayina inamachweba amaningi ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Amachweba adumile afaka phakathiI-Shanghai, i-Ningbo, i-Shenzhen, i-Guangzhou, i-Xiamen, i-Qingdao, i-Dalian, i-Tianjin, ne-Hong Kong, njll., kanye namachweba agudle uMfula iYangtze, njengeI-Chongqing, i-Wuhan, ne-Nanjing.
I-China inezindawo zokungcebeleka eziyi-8 kweziyi-10 ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa izimpahla, okuwubufakazi bokuhweba kwayo okuqinile.
Ichweba laseShanghaiinenani elikhulu kakhulu lemizila yokuhweba yangaphandle eShayina, enemizila engaphezu kuka-300, ikakhulukazi ethuthukiswe kahle edlula ePacific, eYurophu, naseJapan-South Korea. Ngesikhathi sesizini esimatasa, lapho amanye amachweba egcwele, uhambo olujwayelekile lwe-Matson Shipping lwe-CLX oluvela eShanghai luya eLos Angeles luthatha izinsuku ezingu-11 kuphela.
Ichweba laseNingbo-Zhoushan, elinye ichweba elikhulu eMfuleni iYangtze Delta, liphinde libe nenethiwekhi yezimpahla ethuthukisiwe, enemizila yokuthumela impahla eYurophu, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, nase-Australia njengezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu. Indawo enhle yaleli chweba ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngokushesha okuvela e-Yiwu, isitolo esikhulu emhlabeni.
I-Shenzhen IchwebaI-Yantian Port kanye ne-Shekou Port njengezindawo zayo eziyinhloko zokungenisa nokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, itholakala eNingizimu yeShayina. Isebenza kakhulu emizileni ye-trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, kanye ne-Japan-South Korea, okwenza ibe ngelinye lamachweba amatasa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isebenzisa indawo yayo kanye nokuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, i-Shenzhen inemizila eminingi futhi ebanzi yokungenisa nokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe ngolwandle nangomoya. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwamuva kokukhiqiza ukuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia awanazo izindlela eziningi zokuthumela impahla olwandle, okuholela ekudluliselweni okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eYurophu nase-United States nge-Yantian Port.
NjengeShenzhen Port,Ichweba laseGuangzhouitholakala eSifundazweni saseGuangdong futhi iyingxenye yeqembu lechweba lasePearl River Delta. Ichweba layo laseNansha liyichweba elinamanzi ajulile, elinikeza imizila enenzuzo eya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseNingizimu Melika. IGuangzhou inomlando omude wokuhweba okuqinile kokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi isibambe iMibukiso yaseCanton engaphezu kwe-100, iheha abathengisi abaningi.
Ichweba laseXiamenI-, etholakala eSifundazweni saseFujian, iyingxenye yeqoqo lechweba laseShayina elingaseningizimu-mpumalanga, elikhonza iTaiwan, iShayina, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nentshonalanga ye-United States. Ngenxa yokuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, imizila ye-Xiamen Port yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nayo ikhule ngokushesha. Ngo-Agasti 3, 2025, iMaersk yethule umzila oqondile osuka eXiamen uya eManila, ePhilippines, ngesikhathi sokuthumela sezinsuku ezintathu kuphela.
I-Qingdao PortI-, etholakala eSifundazweni saseShandong, eShayina, iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-container enyakatho yeShayina. Ingeqembu lechweba laseBohai Rim futhi ikhonza ngokuyinhloko imizila eya eJapan, eNingizimu Korea, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye ne-trans-Pacific. Ukuxhumana kwayo nechweba kufana nokweShenzhen Yantian Port.
Ichweba laseTianjin, nayo eyingxenye yeqembu lechweba laseBohai Rim, ikhonza imizila yokuthumela izimpahla eya eJapan, eNingizimu Korea, eRussia, nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngokuhambisana neBelt and Road Initiative kanye nokuqala kokusebenza kwe-RCEP, iTianjin Port isibe yindawo ebalulekile yokuthumela izimpahla, exhumanisa amazwe anjengeVietnam, iThailand, neMalaysia.
Ichweba laseDalian, etholakala eSifundazweni saseLiaoning enyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina, eNhlonhlweni yaseLiaodong, ikhonza kakhulu imizila eya eJapan, eNingizimu Korea, eRussia, nase-Asia Ephakathi. Njengoba kuhwebelana namazwe e-RCEP, izindaba zemizila emisha ziyaqhubeka nokuvela.
Ichweba laseHong Kong, etholakala eGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area eShayina, futhi ingenye yamachweba amatasa kakhulu futhi iyisikhungo esikhulu ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngogesi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwanda kokuhwebelana namazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kulethe amathuba amasha embonini yokuthumela impahla eHong Kong.
I-Japan
Indawo yezwe laseJapan iyihlukanisa ibe "amachweba aseKansas" kanye "namachweba aseKanto." Amachweba aseKansai ahlanganisaIchweba lase-Osaka kanye nechweba laseKobe, kuyilapho amachweba aseKanto ehlanganisaIchweba laseTokyo, ichweba laseYokohama, kanye nechweba laseNagoyaIYokohama iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eJapane.
INingizimu Korea
Amachweba amakhulu aseNingizimu Korea ahlanganisaIchweba laseBusan, ichweba lase-Incheon, ichweba laseGunsan, ichweba laseMokpo, kanye nechweba lasePohang, kanti iBusan Port iyona enkulu kunazo zonke.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphumula, imikhumbi yezimpahla esuka eQingdao Port, eShayina, iya e-United States ingase ishayele eBusan Port ukuze igcwalise imithwalo engagcwalisiwe, okubangela ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku eziningana lapho iya khona.
I-Australia
I-Australiaitholakala phakathi kweNingizimu Pacific kanye ne-Indian Oceans. Amachweba ayo amakhulu ahlanganisaIchweba laseSydney, ichweba laseMelbourne, ichweba laseBrisbane, ichweba lase-Adelaide, kanye nechweba lasePerth, njll.
E-New Zealand
Njenge-Australia,E-New Zealanditholakala e-Oceania, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Amachweba ayo amakhulu ahlanganisaIchweba lase-Auckland, ichweba laseWellington, kanye nechweba laseChristchurchnjll.
I-Brunei
IBrunei isemngceleni wesifunda saseMalaysia iSarwak. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yi-Bandar Seri Begawan, futhi ichweba layo elikhuluI-Muara, ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni.
ICambodia
ICambodia inqamula iThailand, iLaos, neVietnam. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiPhnom Penh, futhi amachweba ayo amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Sihanoukville, i-Phnom Penh, i-Koh Kong, ne-Siem Reap, njll.
I-Indonesia
I-Indonesia iyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inhloko-dolobha yayo iJakarta. Yaziwa ngokuthi "Izwe Leziqhingi Eziyinkulungwane," i-Indonesia inamachweba amaningi. Amachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Jakarta, i-Batam, i-Semarang, i-Balikpapan, i-Banjarmasin, i-Bekasi, i-Belawan, ne-Benoa, njll.
ILaos
ILaos, enenhloko-dolobha yayo iVientiane, iyona kuphela izwe elivaliwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elingenalo itheku. Ngakho-ke, ezokuthutha zithembele kuphela emifuleni yamanzi yangaphakathi nezwe, okuhlanganisaI-Vientiane, i-Pakse, ne-Luang PrabangNgenxa ye-Belt and Road Initiative kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-RCEP, i-China-Laos Railway ibone ukwanda kwamandla ezokuthutha selokhu yavulwa, okuholele ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezohwebo phakathi kwala mazwe amabili.
IMalaysia
IMalaysia, ehlukaniswe yiMpumalanga yeMalaysia kanye neNtshonalanga yeMalaysia, iyisikhungo esibalulekile sokuthumela izimpahla eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiKuala Lumpur. Leli zwe liphinde libe neziqhingi eziningi namachweba, kanye nezinkulu ezihlanganisaIPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, neKota Kinabalu, njll.
IPhilippines
IPhilippinesI-, etholakala entshonalanga yePacific Ocean, iyisiqhingi esinenhloko-dolobha yaso iManila. Amachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Manila, i-Batangas, i-Cagayan, i-Cebu, ne-Davao, njll.
ISingapore
ISingaporeakuyona nje idolobha kodwa futhi iyizwe. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiSingapore, kanti ichweba layo elikhulu yiSingapore. Ukufakwa kwamakhonteyina echweba layo kuphakathi kweziphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni, okwenza kube yisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuthutha amakhonteyina emhlabeni.
I-Thailand
I-Thailandimingcele yeChina, iLaos, iCambodia, iMalaysia, neMyanmar. Inhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiBangkok. Amachweba amakhulu afaka phakathiI-Bangkok, i-Laem Chabang, i-Lat Krabang, ne-Songkhla, njll.
IMyanmar
IMyanmar itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Indochina eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, igudla umngcele weChina, iThailand, iLaos, iNdiya, neBangladesh. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiNaypyidaw. IMyanmar inogu olude olwandle i-Indian Ocean, kanye namachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaYangon, Pathein, and Mawlamyine.
IVietnam
IVietnamiyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elitholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Indochina. Inhloko-dolobha yalo yiHanoi, kanti idolobha lalo elikhulu kunawo wonke yiDolobha laseHo Chi Minh. Leli zwe linogu olude, olunezindawo zokungena ezinkulu ezihlanganisaI-Haiphong, i-Da Nang, ne-Ho Chi Minh, njll.
Ngokusekelwe ku-"International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," kuhlolwa izinga lokuncintisana.
Iizinga elihamba phambilikufaka phakathi amachweba aseShanghai naseSingapore, okubonisa amakhono awo aqinile aphelele.
Iisigaba samaphayonakufaka phakathi amachweba aseNingbo-Zhoushan, eQingdao, eShenzhen, naseBusan. I-Ningbo neShenzhen, isibonelo, zombili ziyizikhungo ezibalulekile esifundeni se-RCEP.
Iizinga elibusayoihlanganisa amachweba aseGuangzhou, eTianjin, ePort Klang, eHong Kong, eKaohsiung, naseXiamen. IPort Klang, isibonelo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kweNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi yenza kube lula ukuthutha.
Iizinga lomgogodlakufaka phakathi zonke ezinye izimbobo zesampula, ngaphandle kwezimbobo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezibhekwa njengezizinda zokuthumela eziyinhloko.
Ukukhula kohwebo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zamachweba kanye nezokuthutha, okusinika amathuba engeziwe njengabathuthi bempahla, okubambisana namakhasimende esifundeni. I-Senghor Logistics ivame ukusebenzisana namakhasimende avela ku-I-Australia, iNew Zealand, iPhilippines, iMalaysia, iThailand, iSingapore, namanye amazwe, ukufanisa kahle amashejuli okuthumela kanye nezixazululo zezokuthutha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabo. Abangenisi bempahla abanemibuzo bamukelekileXhumana nathi!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-06-2025
