Ayini amachweba emazweni e-RCEP?
I-RCEP, noma i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, iqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2022. Izinzuzo zayo zikhulise ukukhula kwezohwebo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific.
Obani ozakwethu be-RCEP?
Amalungu e-RCEP ahlanganisaI-China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, kanye namazwe ayishumi e-ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam), ingqikithi yamazwe ayishumi nanhlanu. (Akuhlunganga ngendlela ethile)
Ngabe i-RCEP ikuthinta kanjani ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke?
1. Ukunciphisa imigoqo yohwebo: Ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-90 ohwebo lwezimpahla phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kancane kancane luzozuza izintengo zero, okunciphise kakhulu izindleko zamabhizinisi esifundeni.
2. Ukwenza lula izinqubo zokuhweba: Ukulinganisa izinqubo zenkambiso kanye nokuhlolwa kanye nezindinganiso zokuvalelwa, ukukhuthaza "ukuhweba okungenamaphepha," kanye nokunciphisa izikhathi zokugunyazwa kwentela (isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-China yokukhishwa kwezimpahla ze-ASEAN kukhuphuke ngo-30%).
3. Ukusekela uhlelo lohwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe zomhlaba: I-RCEP, esekelwe kumgomo "wokuvuleleka nokuhlanganisa," yamukela umnotho osezigabeni ezihlukene zentuthuko (njengeCambodia neJapan), inikeza imodeli yokubambisana kwesifunda okubandakanya wonke umuntu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe, amazwe amaningi athuthukile asiza amazwe angamalungu angathuthukile (njengeLaos neMyanmar) ukuthuthukisa amandla awo ohwebo kanye nezikhala ezikhulayo zesifunda.
Ukuqala ukusebenza kwe-RCEP kukhuphule uhwebo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, kanti futhi kukhiqiza isidingo esikhulayo sokuthumela ngemikhumbi. Lapha, i-Senghor Logistics izokwethula amachweba abalulekile emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP futhi ihlaziye izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zokuncintisana zamanye alawa machweba.
China
Ngenxa yemboni yezohwebo yangaphandle ethuthukile yaseShayina kanye nomlando omude wohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iShayina izidla amachweba amaningi ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Izimbobo ezidumile zihlanganisaI-Shanghai, i-Ningbo, i-Shenzhen, i-Guangzhou, i-Xiamen, i-Qingdao, i-Dalian, i-Tianjin, ne-Hong Kong, njll., kanye namachweba eduze komfula iYangtze, njengeChongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing.
I-China ibalwa namachweba angu-8 kwangu-10 aphezulu emhlabeni ngokuthuthwa kwempahla, okuwubufakazi bokuhweba kwayo okuqinile.
Ichweba laseShanghaiinenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lemizila yohwebo lwangaphandle e-China, engaphezu kuka-300, ikakhulukazi imizila ethuthukiswe kahle i-trans-Pacific, European, kanye ne-Japan-South Korea. Ngesikhathi sonyaka ophakeme, lapho amanye amachweba eminyene, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi okujwayelekile kweMatson Shipping CLX kusuka eShanghai kuya eLos Angeles kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-11 kuphela.
Ichweba laseNingbo-Zhoushan, elinye ichweba elikhulu eliseMfuleni iYangtze Delta, nalo linenethiwekhi yezimpahla ethuthuke kahle, enemizila yemikhumbi eya eYurophu, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, nase-Australia okuyizindawo zayo ezithandwayo. Indawo enenzuzo yetheku ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngokushesha zisuka ku-Yiwu, isitolo esikhulu somhlaba.
I-Shenzhen Itheku, enechweba lase-Yantian kanye nechweba lase-Shekou njengezikhumulo zayo eziyinhloko zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, itholakala eSouthern China. Isebenza ikakhulukazi imizila ye-trans-Pacific, Southeast Asia, kanye ne-Japan-South Korea, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamachweba amatasatasa emhlabeni. Ngokusebenzisa indawo yayo kanye nokuqala ukusebenza kwe-RCEP, i-Shenzhen iziqhayisa ngemizila eminingi neminyene yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ngolwandle nomoya. Ngenxa yoshintsho lwakamuva lokukhiqiza oluya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia awanayo imizila ebanzi yokuthutha olwandle, okuholela ekudlulisweni okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwempahla engaphandle kwe-Southeast Asia kuya eYurophu nase-United States nge-Yantian Port.
Njenge-Shenzhen Port,I-Guangzhou Portitholakala eSifundazweni saseGuangdong futhi iyingxenye yeqoqo lechweba lasePearl River Delta. Ichweba layo laseNansha liyitheku elinamanzi ajulile, elinikeza imizila enenzuzo eya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika. I-Guangzhou inomlando omude wokuhweba okuqinile kokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi isingathe ama-Canton Fairs angaphezu kuka-100, aheha abathengisi abaningi.
I-Xiamen Port, etholakala eSifundazweni SaseFujian, iyingxenye yeqoqo lechweba eliseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, elisebenzela iTaiwan, China, Southeast Asia, kanye nentshonalanga ye-United States. Ngenxa yokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-RCEP, imizila yase-Xiamen Port yase-Southeast Asia nayo ikhule ngokushesha. Ngomhla zi-3 Agasti 2025, i-Maersk yethula umzila oqondile osuka e-Xiamen uya e-Manila, e-Philippines, ngesikhathi sokuhambisa esiyizinsuku ezingu-3 nje.
I-Qingdao Port, etholakala eSifundazweni SaseShandong, eChina, iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke enyakatho yeChina. Kungokweqembu lechweba lase-Bohai Rim futhi lisebenzela imizila eya e-Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, kanye nase-trans-Pacific. Ukuxhuma kwayo echwebeni kuqhathaniswa naleyo yaseShenzhen Yantian Port.
I-Tianjin Port, ephinde ibe yingxenye yeqembu lechweba lase-Bohai Rim, inikeza imizila yemikhumbi eya e-Japan, eNingizimu Korea, eRussia, nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngokuvumelana ne-Belt and Road Initiative kanye nokuqala ukusebenza kwe-RCEP, i-Tianjin Port isiphenduke isikhungo semikhumbi esibalulekile, esixhuma amazwe afana ne-Vietnam, Thailand, ne-Malaysia.
I-Dalian Port, etholakala eSifundazweni SaseLiaoning enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eNhlonhlweni yaseLiaodong, ihlinzeka ngokuyinhloko imizila eya eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, eRussia nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngokuhwebelana okukhulayo namazwe e-RCEP, izindaba zemizila emisha ziyaqhubeka nokuvela.
Ichweba laseHong Kong, etholakala e-China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, futhi ingelinye lamachweba amatasatasa kanye nesizinda esikhulu sochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwenyuka kohwebo namazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kulethe amathuba amasha embonini yemikhumbi yase-Hong Kong.
Japan
Indawo yase-Japan iyihlukanisa ngokuthi "Amachweba ase-Kansai" kanye "namachweba ase-Kanto." Kansai Ports zihlanganisaI-Osaka Port kanye ne-Kobe Port, kuyilapho Kanto Ports zihlanganisaI-Tokyo Port, i-Yokohama Port, ne-Nagoya Port. I-Yokohama iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Japan.
INingizimu Korea
Amachweba amakhulu aseNingizimu Korea ahlanganisaI-Busan Port, i-Incheon Port, i-Gunsan Port, i-Mokpo Port, ne-Pohang Port, neBusan Port iyona enkulu kunazo zonke.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi nenkathi engasebenzi, imikhumbi yezimpahla esuka eQingdao Port, eChina, iya e-United States ingase ibize eBusan Port ukuze igcwalise impahla engagcwalisiwe, okubangele ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezimbalwa lapho iya khona.
Australia
Australiaitholakala phakathi kweSouth Pacific kanye ne-Indian Ocean. Izikhumulo zayo ezinkulu zihlanganisaI-Sydney Port, i-Melbourne Port, i-Brisbane Port, i-Adelaide Port, ne-Perth Port, njll.
E-New Zealand
Njenge-Australia,E-New Zealanditholakala e-Oceania, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Izikhumulo zayo ezinkulu zihlanganisaI-Auckland Port, i-Wellington Port, ne-Christchurch Portnjll.
I-Brunei
IBrunei isemngceleni wesifunda saseMalaysia iSarwak. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yi-Bandar Seri Begawan, futhi ichweba layo elikhuluMuara, ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni.
E-Cambodia
ICambodia isemngceleni weThailand, iLaos kanye neVietnam. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiPhnom Penh, futhi amachweba ayo amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Sihanoukville, i-Phnom Penh, i-Koh Kong, ne-Siem Reap, njll.
I-Indonesia
I-Indonesia iyiqoqo leziqhingi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, inhloko-dolobha yalo iJakarta. Eyaziwa ngokuthi "Izwe Leziqhingi Eziyinkulungwane," i-Indonesia inamachweba amaningi. Amachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Jakarta, i-Batam, i-Semarang, i-Balikpapan, i-Banjarmasin, i-Bekasi, i-Belawan, ne-Benoa, njll.
I-Laos
ILaos, inhloko-dolobha yayo iVientiane, iwukuphela kwezwe elivalekile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elingenaso isikhumulo semikhumbi. Ngakho-ke, ezokuthutha zithembele kuphela emanzini angaphakathi nezwe, kuhlanganiseI-Vientiane, i-Pakse, ne-Luang Prabang. Ngenxa ye-Belt and Road Initiative kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-RCEP, i-China-Laos Railway ibone ukwanda komthamo wezokuthutha kusukela ukuvulwa kwayo, okuholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezohwebo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.
I-Malaysia
I-Malaysia, ihlukaniswe yaba yiMpumalanga Malaysia kanye neNtshonalanga Malaysia, iyisikhungo semikhumbi esibalulekile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inhloko-dolobha yayo iKuala Lumpur. Izwe libuye libe neziqhingi eziningi namachweba, amakhulu ahlanganisaIPort Klang, Penang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kuantan, neKota Kinabalu, njll.
Philippines
EPhilippines, etholakala entshonalanga yePacific Ocean, iyiqoqo leziqhingi elinenhloko-dolobha yalo iManila. Amachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Manila, i-Batangas, i-Cagayan, i-Cebu, ne-Davao, njll.
Singapore
Singaporeakulona nje idolobha kodwa futhi izwe. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiSingapore, futhi itheku layo elikhulu liphinde libe yiSingapore. Iziqukathi zechweba lakhona zibalwa phakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, okuyenza ibe ihabhu elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lokuthutha amakhonteyina.
Thailand
Thailandimingcele yaseChina, iLaos, iCambodia, iMalaysia neMyanmar. Inhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiBangkok. Amachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaI-Bangkok, i-Laem Chabang, i-Lat Krabang, ne-Songkhla, njll.
eMyanmar
IMyanmar itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo ye-Indochina eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, emngceleni weChina, Thailand, Laos, India, kanye neBangladesh. Inhloko-dolobha yayo yiNaypyidaw. IMyanmar inogu olude e-Indian Ocean, enamachweba amakhulu ahlanganisaYangon, Pathein, and Mawlamyine.
Vietnam
Vietnamiyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elisengxenyeni esempumalanga yeNhlonhlo ye-Indochina. Inhloko-dolobha yayo iHanoi, futhi idolobha layo elikhulu kunawo wonke yiHo Chi Minh City. Izwe linogu olude, elinamachweba amakhulu okuhlanganisaI-Haiphong, i-Da Nang, ne-Ho Chi Minh, njll.
Ngokusekelwe "Ku-International Shipping Hub Development Index - RCEP Regional Report (2022)," isigaba sokuncintisana siyahlolwa.
Iisigaba esiholayokufaka phakathi amachweba ase-Shanghai nase-Singapore, abonisa amakhono awo aqinile abanzi.
Iisigaba samaphayonakufaka phakathi amachweba aseNingbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shenzhen, naseBusan. I-Ningbo ne-Shenzhen, ngokwesibonelo, zombili ziyizindawo ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwesifunda se-RCEP.
Iisigaba esibusayoihlanganisa amachweba ase-Guangzhou, e-Tianjin, e-Port Klang, e-Hong Kong, e-Kaohsiung, nase-Xiamen. I-Port Klang, isibonelo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi yenza kube lula ukuhamba.
Iisigaba somgogodlaihlanganisa zonke ezinye izimbobo zesampula, okungafaki izimbobo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezibhekwa njengezizinda zokuthumela eziwumgogodla.
Ukukhula kwezohwebo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific kuye kwaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zechweba nezemikhumbi, okusinikeza, njengabathumeli bempahla, amathuba engeziwe okubambisana namakhasimende esifundeni. I-Senghor Logistics ivamise ukusebenzisana namakhasimende asukaAustralia, New Zealand, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, namanye amazwe, ukufanisa ngokunembile amashejuli okuthumela kanye nezixazululo zezokuthutha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabo. Abangenisi abanemibuzo bamukelekile kuboXhumana nathi!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-06-2025
