Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imizigo yo mu mazi iva ku muryango n'imizigo yo mu mazi iva ku cyambu?
Nk'umuntu w'umwuga mu gutwara imizigo, usobanukiwe itandukaniro ry'uburyo igihe gikoreshwa neza hagatiimizigo yo mu maziKujyana ibicuruzwa ku nzu no mu mazi kugera ku cyambu ni ingenzi cyane, kuko bifasha abakiriya bacu gufata ibyemezo by’ubwikorezi ku buryo busobanutse. Nubwo uburyo bwombi bushingiye cyane cyane ku gutwara ibicuruzwa mu mazi, itandukaniro ry’igihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa muri rusange rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku igenamigambi ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Reka turebere hamwe igereranya kugira ngo dusobanure neza iri tandukaniro ry’ingenzi.
1. "Imitwaro yo mu mazi ijya ku cyambu" bivuze iki?
Gutwara imizigo mu mazi bijya ku cyambu bivuze ko iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze ku cyambu cy’aho bigomba gupakururwa, inshingano z’ushinzwe gutwara imizigo zirangira.Utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga afite inshingano kuri ibi bikurikira:
- Gutanga uburenganzira ku byambu bya gasutamo;
- Gukura ibicuruzwa ku cyambu;
- Gutwara abantu ku butaka cyangwa gari ya moshi kuva ku cyambu kugera mu bubiko bwawe.
Ingengabihe isanzwe:
Gutegura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo:Iminsi 0.5-3 y'akazi (nta igenzura: umunsi 0.5-1 w'akazi; igenzura: iminsi 1-3 y'akazi).
Igihe cyo gutwara ibintu mu mazi:Biterwa n'intera y'inzira. Urugero, kohereza indege ziva mu Bushinwa zijya muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo bifata iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 10, kohereza indege ziva mu Bushinwa zijya muri Amerika ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba bifata iminsi 12 kugeza kuri 18, kohereza indege i Burayi bifata iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 35, naho muri Amerika y'Epfo na Afurika bifata iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 45. Amato ataziguye yihuta cyane, mu gihe amato atwara indege akenera indi minsi 3 kugeza kuri 7 yo gutwara indege no kuzishyira mu bwato.
Gupakurura ibintu ku cyambu cy’aho bijya:Iminsi 0.5 kugeza kuri 3 y'akazi (ibyambu byoroshye: 0.5 kugeza ku munsi 1; ibyambu byuzuye: iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3).
Igihe cyose imizigo yo mu mazi igera ku cyambu ni igiteranyo cy’ibice bitatu byavuzwe haruguru, aho ibitazwi cyane cyane bishingiye ku igenzura rya gasutamo n’ubucucike bw’ibyambu.
2. "Imizigo yo mu mazi ijya ku muryango" bisobanura iki?
Aha ni ahantu hamwe ho guhagarara,kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mperaserivisi. Itangirana no gufata ibicuruzwa mu bubiko bw'umucuruzi (icyambu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bikomoka) kandi ikubiyemo ibintu byose: imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi, gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku cyambu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijya, gufata ibicuruzwa bivuye ku cyambu, hanyuma bikazanwa mu buryo butaziguye aho ibicuruzwa biherereye (icyambu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijya). Ugomba gutanga amakuru y'ibanze ku bicuruzwa n'aho ibicuruzwa bizajyanwa, kandi umukozi ushinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa azakurikirana inzira zose zikurikiraho mu izina ryawe, aguhe ubushobozi bwo kugera ku "bintu bitagira impungenge".
Ku bijyanye no kubahiriza igihe, uretse intambwe za mbere zo kugera ku cyambu, hari izindi ntambwe nkagupakurura kontineri ku cyambu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijya, gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwateganyijwe, gutwara amakamyo, kugeza ibicuruzwa mu birometero bya nyuma, no kubibika/kubigeza ku muryangoIbi byose ni ibikorwa byo ku butaka bitangira nyuma y’uko urugendo rwo mu mazi rurangiye, kandi ni byo soko nyamukuru y’itandukaniro ry’igihe.
Ingengabihe isanzwe:
Ubwato bugera ku cyambu aho bujya, hanyuma bupakurura ku cyambu (umunsi 1 kugeza kuri 2)
Umukozi wo mu gace abanza kwemerera gasutamo mbere yo kuhagera (niba byemewe) (umunsi 1 kugeza kuri 5, bitewe n'uko byubahirizwa)
Gutwara abantu ku butaka (ikamyo/gari ya moshi) kuva ku cyambu kugera mu bubiko bwawe (iminsi 0.5 kugeza kuri 7, bitewe n'intera)
Igihe cyose nyuma yo kuhagera:Impuzandengo y'iminsi 2 kugeza ku 10, ariko ishobora kugera ku byumweru birenga 2 iyo hari igenzura rya gasutamo cyangwa ubucucike bw'ibyambu.
3. Urugero rw'urubanza (Kujyana Ubushinwa muri Amerika nk'urugero)
Kugira ngo itandukaniro ry'igihe rirusheho kumvikana, dufata inzira isanzwe iva mu Bushinwa (Shanghai/Shenzhen) ijya muri Amerika (Los Angeles/New York)" nk'urugero, kandi ushyireho igihe gisanzwe cya serivisi zombi (usibye ibintu byihariye nk'ikirere kibi n'imyigaragambyo yo ku cyambu):
Imitwaro yo mu mazi ijya ku cyambu(Icyambu cy'Ubushinwa kijya ku cyambu cya Los Angeles muri Amerika): iminsi 12 kugeza kuri 18 (igihe cyo kohereza imizigo mu mazi: iminsi 12 kugeza kuri 15; kwishyura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga + gupakurura ibicuruzwa: iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3).
Imitwaro yo mu mazi igera ku muryango(Ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa by'Abashinwa bugana ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa byinjiye muri Amerika i Los Angeles): Iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 25 (hashingiwe ku gihe cyo kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu, hongerwaho uburenganzira bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa: iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3 + kugeza ku bicuruzwa mu gihugu: iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 2).
Imitwaro yo mu mazi ijya ku cyambu(Icyambu cy'Ubushinwa kijya ku cyambu cya New York muri Amerika): iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 35 (igihe cyo kohereza imizigo mu mazi: iminsi 25 kugeza kuri 30; kwishyura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga + gupakurura ibicuruzwa: iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3).
Imitwaro yo mu mazi igera ku muryango(Ububiko bw'abashoramari b'Abashinwa bugana ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa byinjira muri Amerika i New York): iminsi 28 kugeza kuri 42 (hashingiwe ku gihe cyo kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu, hongerwaho uburenganzira bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa: iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3 + kugeza ku bicuruzwa mu gihugu: iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3).
4. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza
(1) Kuzura kw'ibyambu n'ubukererwe
Serivisi zombi zigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’ibyambu, ariko gutinda ku cyambu cyoherezwaho byongera igihe cyo gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi kugera ku muryango bitewe n’ingaruka ziterwa no gutwara abantu mu gihugu imbere.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza imisoro ku misoro ya gasutamo
Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Niba inzira yo kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo mu gihugu bigomba kwemererwa kandi inyandiko zikaba zuzuye kandi zitunganye, kwemerera ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu bishobora gukorwa mu minsi 1 kugeza kuri 2 y'akazi. Ariko, niba igenzura rya gasutamo rikomeje (urugero, kuriibicuruzwa byoroheje, gutanga raporo y'agaciro katari ngombwa), cyangwa niba amakuru y'inyandiko atari yo, abuze, cyangwa adahuye n'ibicuruzwa nyakuri, igihe cyo kubitwara kizongera cyane, kandi itandukaniro ry'igihe hagati y'ubwikorezi bw'inzu ku nzu n'ubwikorezi bw'inzu kuva ku cyambu kugera ku cyambu riziyongera uko bikwiye. Abakora mu by'ubuhanga mu gutwara imizigo bashobora kugufasha kwirinda gutinda gutya binyuze mu gusuzuma inyandiko mbere yo kuzigurisha no gutanga serivisi zo kuzitwara mbere yo kuzigurisha.
(3) Intera yo kugeza ibicuruzwa ku birometero bya nyuma
Iyo umucuruzi ari imbere mu gihugu, kure y'icyambu, kohereza ibicuruzwa mu birometero bya nyuma bizongeraho indi minsi 3 kugeza kuri 7. Urugero, kuva ku byambu byo ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba kugera ku nkombe yo hagati mu Burengerazuba no mu burasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, cyangwa kuva ku byambu by'i Burayi kugera mu bihugu byo hagati mu gihugu, uko intera iba nini, niko itandukaniro riba rinini.
(4) Ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bikoreshwa
Ku bicuruzwa bya LCL, serivisi yo kuva ku nzu kugera ku nzu igomba kongeramo igihe cyo gupakurura no gutondekanya mu bubiko bw’aho ibicuruzwa biherereye (umunsi 1 kugeza ku minsi 2 y’akazi), ibyo bizongera igihe cyo kuva ku bicuruzwa bya FCL, bishobora gutwarwa mu buryo butaziguye biva ku cyambu bijya ku muryango, kandi igihe cyo kuva ku nzu ni gito. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byihariye (nk'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga, ibicuruzwa byoroshye) bikenera uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura no gukora, ibyo bizongera igihe cyo kuva ku nzu kugera ku nzu.
(5) Ibintu birebana n'igihembwe n'isoko
Ibihe by'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (nk'iminsi mikuru y'igihembwe cya kane), ibikorwa bya politiki y'isi, imyigaragambyo, n'ibindi, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butari bumwe ku gihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa urugo ku rundi kuko ibi bintu bitera igitutu ku ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byose.
5. Hashingiwe ku miterere y'isoko nyayo, itandukaniro risanzwe ry'igihe rishobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
Imizigo yo mu mazi ya FCL (Umutwaro wuzuye w’amakontena):Gutanga imizigo yo mu mazi ijya ku muryango bigenda buhoro buhoro mu minsi 3 kugeza kuri 7 ugereranije n'imizigo yo mu mazi ijya ku cyambu.
Imizigo yo mu mazi ya LCL (Umutwaro uri munsi y'umutwaro w'amakontena):Gutanga imizigo yo mu mazi ijya ku muryango bigenda buhoro cyane ugereranyije n'imizigo yo mu mazi ijya ku cyambu, kuva ku minsi 7 kugeza kuri 14.
Umuvuduko w'ibihe by'imbeho:Gutanga imizigo mu mazi bitinda mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 20 ugereranije no gutanga imizigo mu mazi bitinda mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 20.
6. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza kuri wewe?
Hitamo gutwara imizigo mu mazi kugera ku cyambu niba:
Ufite itsinda ry'abahanga mu gutwara ibintu mu kigo cyawe;
Usanzwe ukorana n'abahuza n'abakora mu by'amakamyo bo mu gace utuyemo;
Urashaka kugenzura buri ntambwe ukwayo;
Kuzigama amafaranga ni byo ushyira imbere kurusha ibindi.
Hitamo ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi bijya ku muryango niba:
Urashaka inzira yoroshye;
Udafite uburambe mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo mu gace utuyemo;
Ukunda igisubizo cyoroshye gukoresha;
Urashaka kugenzura igihe cy'ibikorwa rusange n'ikiguzi neza kurushaho
7. Icyibutswa cya nyuma: Ni gute wagabanya igihe cyo gukora umurimo w’inzu ku nzu?
Niba uhisemo serivisi yo kujya ku nzu n'inzu ariko ukaba ushaka kugabanya igihe cyo gutwara abantu, nyamuneka menya ibi bikurikira:
(1) Kureba neza ko inyandiko zose zo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo ari ukuri kandi zihuye n'amakuru nyayo y'imizigo kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda bitewe n'ibibazo by'inyandiko.
(2) Hitamo ikigo gishinzwe gutwara imizigo gifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo mu gace, uburambe, n'ubunyamwuga ku cyambu cy'aho kijya. Bashobora gucunga neza imisoro ya gasutamo, guhuza ubwikorezi bw'imbere mu gihugu ku gihe, no gusubiza vuba mu bihe byihutirwa.
(3) Ushobora gukurikirana aho ubwato buherereye n'igihe bugera mu gihe nyacyo ukoresheje inomero za konteyineri, bigufasha guhindura ububiko n'igenamigambi ry'umusaruro mbere y'igihe.
(4) Irinde ibihe by'ubukonje (nka Noheli na Kuwa gatanu w'umukara) igihe cyose bishoboka. Niba ugomba kohereza ibicuruzwa byawe mu bihe by'ubukonje, nyamuneka tegura ibicuruzwa byawe mbere kandi uhe umwanya uhagije wo guhangana n'ubucucike bw'ibyambu n'ibindi bibazo.
(5) Ku byoherezwa byihutirwa, hitamo amato ahita aho guhitamo amato atwara imizigo, bishobora kuzigama iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 7 y'urugendo.
Senghor Logistics irarangiyeImyaka 14 y'uburambemu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa inzu ku nzu. Tuzasuzuma inyandiko zose wowe n'abatanga serivisi mutanga kugira ngo turebe ko zubahirizwa. Dufite abakozi ba WCA b'igihe kirekire muriUburayi, Amerika, Kanada, na OsitaraliyaMuri leta 50 za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, dufiteabakozi bataziguyeGutanga serivisi zo kugurisha ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo no kubitugezaho. Itsinda ryacu rishinzwe abakiriya rizakurikirana uko ibicuruzwa byawe bihagaze kandi ritange ibitekerezo ku gihe.ibihe by'impeshyi, tuzamenyesha abakiriya mbere y'igihe ibitaragenda neza. Dushingiye ku byo wakoze.ibisabwa mu gihe, tuzategura gahunda ikwiye yo kohereza no guhuza ibyo kohereza n'abakozi bo mu gace.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 21 Mata 2026
