Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwexesha phakathi kokuthutha impahla ngenqanawa ukuya emnyango kunye nokuthutha impahla ngenqanawa ukuya echwebeni?
Njengomntu ochwephesha ekuthuthweni kwempahla, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwexeshaimithwalo yolwandleUkuthutha impahla ukuya emnyango naselwandle ukuya echwebeni kubalulekile, njengoko kunceda abathengi bethu ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngezothutho. Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zisebenzisa ikakhulu ukuthutha impahla elwandle, umahluko kwixesha lokuhamba unokuba nefuthe elikhulu kucwangciso lwekhonkco lokubonelela. Makhe sijonge uthelekiso ukuze sicacise lo mahluko uphambili.
1. Kuthetha ukuthini "ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukuya echwebeni"?
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya echwebeni kuthetha ukuba xa impahla ifika kwizibuko apho iya khona kwaye ikhutshiwe, uxanduva lomphathi wempahla luyaphela.Umngenisi unoxanduva loku:
- Ukususwa kwerhafu kwizibuko apho uya khona;
- Thatha iimpahla echwebeni;
- Uthutho lomhlaba okanye ngololiwe ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo:
Ukulungiswa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokucocwa kwerhafu:Iintsuku zokusebenza eziyi-0.5-3 (akukho kuhlolwa: usuku lokusebenza oluyi-0.5-1; uhlolo: iintsuku zokusebenza eziyi-1-3).
Ixesha lokuthuthwa kwempahla elwandle:Kuxhomekeke kumgama wendlela. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eMzantsi-mpuma Asia kuthatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US West Coast kuthatha iintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eYurophu kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35, kwaye eMzantsi Melika nase-Afrika kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45. Iinqanawa ezithe ngqo zikhawuleza, ngelixa iinqanawa ezithutha impahla zifuna iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezisi-7 ezongezelelweyo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye nokuhlaliswa kwempahla.
Ukukhulula impahla kwizibuko lendawo oya kuyo:Iintsuku zokusebenza eziyi-0.5 ukuya kwezi-3 (iizibuko ezigudileyo: 0.5 ukuya kusuku olu-1; iizibuko ezixineneyo: 1 ukuya kusuku olu-3).
Ixesha lilonke lokufika kwemithwalo yolwandle echwebeni ngokusisiseko lilonke lala macandelo mathathu angasentla, apho ukungaqiniseki kugxile kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwerhafu kunye nokuxinana kwezibuko.
2. Kuthetha ukuthini "ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngolwandle ukuya emnyango"?
Le yindawo enye yokumisa,ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleniinkonzo. Iqala ekuthatheni iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla yomthengisi (izibuko lemvelaphi) kwaye igubungela zonke iinkalo: ukuvakaliswa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa elwandle, ukususwa kwerhafu yokungenisa kwizibuko lendawo oya kuyo, ukuthathwa kweempahla kwizibuko, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuhambisa iimpahla ngqo kwidilesi yakho oyikhethileyo (izibuko lendawo oya kuyo). Udinga kuphela ukubonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko malunga neempahla kunye nedilesi yokuhanjiswa, kwaye umthumeli wempahla uya kujongana nazo zonke iinkqubo ezilandelayo egameni lakho, ekuvumela ukuba ufezekise "uthutho olungenaxhala" olunye.
Ngokuphathelele ixesha elifanelekileyo, ukongeza kumanyathelo okuqala okufika echwebeni, kukho amanye amanyathelo afana nala:ukuthululwa kwesikhongozeli kwizibuko lendawo oya kuyo, ukulandwa okucwangcisiweyo, ukuthutha iilori, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ukuya kuthi ga kwimayile yokugqibela, kunye nokugcinwa/ukuhanjiswa emnyangoZonke ezi zizinto ezenzeka emhlabeni eziqala emva kokuba uhambo lwaselwandle lugqityiwe, kwaye zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umahluko ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo:
Inqanawa ifika kwizibuko apho iya khona, ize ikhuphe impahla kwizibuko (usuku olu-1 ukuya kwezi-2)
Iarhente yendawo ihlawula amasiko ngaphambi kokuba ifike (ukuba ivumelekile) (usuku olu-1 ukuya kolu-5, kuxhomekeke ekuthobeleni imithetho)
Ukuthuthwa komhlaba (ilori/isitimela) ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla (iintsuku eziyi-0.5 ukuya kweziyi-7, kuxhomekeke kumgama)
Ixesha elipheleleyo emva kokufika:Umyinge weentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezili-10, kodwa unokwandiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuba kukho uhlolo lwerhafu okanye ukuxinana kweechweba.
3. Isalathiso setyala (Ukusa iTshayina eMelika njengoMzekelo)
Ukuze umahluko wexesha ube lula ngakumbi, sithatha indlela eqhelekileyo esuka eTshayina (eShanghai/eShenzhen) ukuya eMelika (Ilos angeles/New York)" njengomzekelo, kwaye udwelise ixesha eliqhelekileyo leenkonzo zombini (ngaphandle kweemeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana nemozulu embi kunye nokuhlaselwa kweechweba):
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukuya echwebeni(Izibuko laseTshayina ukuya kwizibuko laseLos Angeles lase-US): Iintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 (ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle: Iintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-15; ukukhutshwa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle + ukuthuthwa kwempahla echwebeni: Iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3).
Imithwalo yolwandle ukuya emnyango(Indawo yokugcina impahla ethengiswa yinkampani ethengisa impahla e-US eLos Angeles): Iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25 (ngokwexesha le-port-to-port, ukongeza imvume yerhafu yokungenisa impahla: Iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 + ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngaphakathi: Iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2).
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukuya echwebeni(Izibuko laseTshayina ukuya kwizibuko laseNew York lase-US): Iintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35 (ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle: Iintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-30; ukususwa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle + ukuthuthwa kwempahla echwebeni: Iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3).
Imithwalo yolwandle ukuya emnyango(Indawo yokugcina impahla yomthengisi waseTshayina kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseMelika eNew York): Iintsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-42 (ngokwexesha lokuhamba ukuya kwelinye izibuko, ukongeza imvume yerhafu yokungenisa: Iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 + ukuhanjiswa ngaphakathi: Iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3).
4. Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ezichaphazela Ukusebenza Kakuhle
(1) Ukuxinana kweeZibuko kunye nokuLibaziseka
Zombini iinkonzo zichaphazeleka kukuxinana kweenqanawa, kodwa ukulibaziseka kwizibuko ekuyiwa kulo kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa ukuya emnyango ngenxa yemiphumo yokwehla kwezothutho lwangaphakathi.
(2) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuSusa iiRhafu
Le yinto ebalulekileyo. Ukuba inkqubo yokususwa kwempahla kwilizwe ekuyiwa kulo ilula kwaye amaxwebhu aphelele kwaye achanekile, ukususwa kwempahla engeniswayo kunokugqitywa kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlolo lwempahla engeniswayo luqinisiwe (umz., kwiiimpahla ezibuthathaka, ukungazichazi ixabiso), okanye ukuba ulwazi loxwebhu aluchanekanga, alukho, okanye aluhambelani neempahla zokwenyani, ixesha lokususwa kwempahla liya kwandiswe kakhulu, kwaye umahluko wexesha phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka emnyango ukuya komnye kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye uya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo. Abathumeli bempahla abangochwephesha banokukunceda uphephe ukulibaziseka okunjalo ngokuhlola amaxwebhu kwangaphambili kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokususwa kwempahla kwangaphambili.
(3) Umgama wokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela
Ukuba umntu othumela impahla ungaphakathi elizweni, kude nezibuko, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla okokugqibela kuya kongeza ezinye iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Umzekelo, ukusuka kwizibuko zaseWest Coast ukuya kwiMidwest kunye neEast Coast yase-United States, okanye ukusuka kwizibuko zaseYurophu ukuya kumazwe angaphakathi, okukhona umgama umkhulu, kokukhona umahluko umkhulu.
(4) Uhlobo lweeMpahla kunye noBunzima bokusebenza
Kwimpahla ze-LCL, inkonzo yokungena emnyango nomnyango kufuneka yongeze ixesha lokukhupha impahla kunye nokucwangcisa kwindawo yokugcina impahla (iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokusebenza), nto leyo eya kwandisa isithuba sexesha; kwimpahla ze-FCL, zinokuthuthwa ngqo ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya emnyango, kwaye isithuba sexesha sincinci. Ukongeza, iimpahla ezikhethekileyo (ezifana neempahla eziyingozi, iimpahla ezibuthathaka) zifuna uhlolo olukhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, nto leyo eya kwandisa ixesha lilonke lenkonzo yokungena emnyango nomnyango.
(5) Izinto zexesha lonyaka nezemarike
Amaxesha onyaka okuthunyelwa kwempahla afikelelekayo (njengeeholide zekota yesine), imicimbi yezopolitiko, imibhikisho, njl.njl., inokuchaphazela amaxesha okuhanjiswa kwempahla kwindlu ngendlu ngokungalinganiyo kuba ezi zinto zibangela uxinzelelo oluqokelelweyo kuyo yonke ikhonkco lokuhambisa impahla.
5. Ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zemarike, umahluko wexesha eliqhelekileyo ungashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Umthwalo wolwandle we-FCL (umthwalo opheleleyo wesikhongozeli):Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya emnyango kuhamba kancinci ngeentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7 kunokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya echwebeni.
Umthwalo wolwandle we-LCL (ongaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli):Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya emnyango kuhamba kancinci ngeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-14 kunokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya echwebeni.
Ukuxinana kwexesha lonyaka:Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya emnyango kuhamba kancinci ngeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 kunokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngenqanawa ukuya echwebeni.
6. Yeyiphi indlela engcono kuwe?
Khetha ukuThuthwa kweNqwelo-mafutha eLwandle ukuya eZibukweni ukuba:
Uneqela elinamava kwezothutho kwinkampani yakho;
Sele usebenza nabathengisi basekuhlaleni kunye neenkampani zelori;
Ufuna ukulawula inyathelo ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo;
Ukonga iindleko zezona zinto ziphambili kuwe.
Khetha i-Sea Freight ukuya emnyango ukuba:
Ufuna inkqubo egudileyo;
Awunawo amava okuhamba ngezithuthi zasekuhlaleni;
Ukhetha isisombululo esingenamsebenzi;
Ufuna ukulawula ixesha lezothutho kunye neendleko ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi
7. Isikhumbuzo Sokugqibela: Ungawunciphisa njani Umsantsa Wexesha Lokusebenza Kwindlu Ngendlu?
Ukuba ukhetha inkonzo yokungena indlu ngendlu kodwa ufuna ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba, nceda uqaphele oku kulandelayo:
(1) Qinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu okucoca impahla achanekileyo kwaye ahambelana nolwazi lokwenyani lwempahla ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka ngenxa yeengxaki zamaxwebhu.
(2) Khetha inkampani yokuthutha imithwalo enezixhobo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni, amava, kunye nobungcali kwizibuko eliya kulo. Bayakwazi ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo ukucocwa kwerhafu, ukulungelelanisa uthutho lwangaphakathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
(3) Ungalandelela iindawo zeenqanawa kunye namaxesha okufika ngexesha langempela usebenzisa amanani eekhonteyina, okukuvumela ukuba ulungise uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezicwangciso zemveliso kwangaphambili.
(4) Ziphephe iixesha zonyaka ezixakekileyo (ezifana neKrisimesi kunye noLwesihlanu oluMnyama) nanini na kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kufuneka uthumele ngexesha lonyaka oxakekileyo, nceda ulungiselele iimpahla zakho kwangaphambili kwaye unike ixesha elaneleyo lokujongana nokuxinana kweenqanawa kunye nezinye iingxaki.
(5) Kwimithwalo engxamisekileyo, khetha iinqanawa ezithe ngqo endaweni yeenqanawa ezithutha impahla, nto leyo enokonga ixesha lokuhamba leentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7.
I-Senghor Logistics iphelileIminyaka eli-14 yamavaekuphatheni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwindlu ngendlu. Siza kuhlola onke amaxwebhu owathumelayo wena kunye nababoneleli bakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Sineearhente zeWCA ezisebenzisana ixesha elide kwiIYurophu, iMelika, iKhanada, kunye neOstreliyaKumazwe angama-50 e-United States, sinayoiiarhente ezithe ngqoUkusingatha ukususwa kwempahla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo. Iqela lethu lenkonzo yabathengi liza kulandelela imeko yempahla yakho kwaye linike ingxelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.amaxesha onyaka aphezulu, siza kwazisa abathengi kwangethuba malunga nokulibaziseka okunokwenzeka. Ngokusekelwe kwi-akhawunti yakhoiimfuno zexesha, siza kucwangcisa iishedyuli zokuthumela ezifanelekileyo size silungelelanise ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kunye neearhente zasekuhlaleni.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-21-2026
