Bayan rage harajin China da Amurka, me ya faru da farashin kaya?
Bisa sanarwar hadin gwiwa kan taron tattalin arziki da cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Amurka da aka yi a Geneva a ranar 12 ga watan Mayun 2025, bangarorin biyu sun cimma matsaya mai mahimmanci kamar haka:
An rage yawan kuɗin fito:Amurka ta soke kashi 91% na harajin da ta kakabawa kayayyakin kasar Sin a watan Afrilun shekarar 2025, kuma a lokaci guda kasar Sin ta soke karin harajin da ta kakaba mata; na 34% na "kwadar haraji", bangarorin biyu sun dakatar da kashi 24% na karuwar (riƙe kashi 10%) na kwanaki 90.
Babu shakka wannan gyare-gyaren harajin wani babban sauyi ne a dangantakar tattalin arziki da cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Amurka. Kwanaki 90 masu zuwa za su zama wani muhimmin lokaci ga bangarorin biyu don kara yin shawarwari da inganta ci gaba da kyautata huldar tattalin arziki da cinikayya.
To, menene tasirin masu shigo da kaya?
1. Rage farashi: Ana sa ran kashi na farko na rage harajin zai rage farashin cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Amurka da kashi 12%. A halin yanzu, oda sannu a hankali yana farfadowa, masana'antun kasar Sin suna hanzarta samar da kayayyaki, kuma masu shigo da kayayyaki na Amurka suna sake fara ayyukan.
2. Tsammanin jadawalin kuɗin fito ya tabbata: sassan biyu sun kafa tsarin tuntuɓar don rage haɗarin sauye-sauyen manufofin, kuma kamfanoni za su iya tsara tsarin sayayya da kasafin kuɗi daidai.
Ƙara koyo:
Matakai nawa yake ɗauka daga masana'anta zuwa ma'aikacin ƙarshe?
Tasiri kan farashin kaya bayan an rage jadawalin kuɗin fito:
Bayan an rage farashin kaya, masu shigo da kaya na iya hanzarta sake dawo da su don kwace kasuwar, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar bukatu na jigilar kayayyaki cikin kankanin lokaci, kuma yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun sanar da karin farashin. Tare da raguwar kuɗin fito, abokan ciniki waɗanda suke jira kafin su fara sanar da mu don ɗaukar kwantena don sufuri.
Daga farashin kaya da kamfanonin jigilar kaya suka sabunta zuwa Senghor Logistics na rabin na biyu na Mayu (15 ga Mayu zuwa 31 ga Mayu, 2025), ya karu da kusan 50% idan aka kwatanta da rabin farkon wata.Amma ba zai iya yin tsayayya da guguwar jigilar kayayyaki masu zuwa ba. Kowane mutum yana so ya yi amfani da wannan lokacin taga na kwanaki 90 don jigilar kaya, don haka lokacin kololuwar dabaru zai zo a baya fiye da na shekarun baya. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a lura cewa kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna canja wurin iya aiki zuwa layin Amurka, kuma sararin samaniya ya riga ya cika. Farashin dalayin Amurkaya tashi sosai, yana tukiKanadiyakumaKudancin Amurkahanyoyi. Kamar yadda muka annabta, farashin yana da yawa kuma yin ajiyar wuri yana da wahala a yanzu, kuma muna shagaltuwa da taimaka wa abokan ciniki su sami sarari kowace rana.
Misali, Hapag-Lloyd ya sanar da cewa dagaMayu 15, 2025, GRI daga Asiya zuwa Yammacin Amurka ta Kudu, Gabashin Kudancin Amurka, Mexico, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Caribbean za su kasanceDalar Amurka 500 a kowace akwati mai ƙafa 20 da dalar Amurka 1,000 a kowace akwati mai ƙafa 40. (Farashin Puerto Rico da Tsibirin Budurwar Amurka za su ƙaru daga Yuni 5.)
A ranar 15 ga Mayu, kamfanin jigilar kaya CMA CGM ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai fara cajin ƙarin ƙarin lokacin lokacin kasuwa na Transpacific Gabas dagaYuni 15, 2025. Hanyar tana daga dukkan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Asiya (ciki har da Gabas mai Nisa) ko kuma ta hanyar wucewa zuwa duk tashoshin fitarwa a Amurka (ban da Hawaii) da Kanada ko wuraren cikin ƙasa ta cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na sama. Kudin ƙarin kuɗi zai kasanceDalar Amurka 3,600 a kowace kwantena 20ft da dalar Amurka 4,000 a kowace kwantena 40ft.
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, Maersk ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sanya ƙarin cajin lokacin PSS akan Gabas mai Nisa zuwa Amurka ta Tsakiya da hanyoyin Caribbean/Amerika ta Yamma, tare daKudin kwantena mai ƙafa 20 na dalar Amurka 1,000 da ƙarin kuɗin kwantena mai ƙafa 40 na dalar Amurka 2,000. Za a fara aiki ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni, kuma Cuba za ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni. A ranar 6 ga watan Yuni, za a kara yawan kudin da za a yi daga babban yankin Sin, Hong Kong, Sin, da Macau zuwa Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, da Uruguay.Dalar Amurka 500 na kwantena mai ƙafa 20 da dalar Amurka 1,000 na kwantena mai ƙafa 40, kuma daga Taiwan, China, zai fara aiki daga ranar 21 ga watan Yuni.
A ranar 27 ga Mayu, Maersk ta sanar da cewa za ta cajin ƙarin caji mai nauyi daga gabas mai nisa zuwa gabar tekun yammacin Amurka ta Kudu, Amurka ta tsakiya da Caribbean farawa daga Yuni 5. Wannan ƙarin ƙarin cajin nauyi ne ga busassun kwantena mai ƙafa 20, da ƙarin cajin.dalar Amurka 400za a caje lokacin da tabbatar da babban nauyi (VGM) (> 20 metric ton) na kaya ya wuce ma'aunin nauyi.
Bayan karuwar farashin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ne sakamakon abubuwa iri-iri.
1. Manufofin Amurka na baya-bayan nan na "saba haraji" sun kawo cikas ga tsarin kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da soke wasu tsare-tsare na jigilar kayayyaki a kan hanyoyin Arewacin Amurka, da raguwar ajiyar kasuwannin tabo, da dakatarwa ko rage wasu hanyoyin zuwa Amurka da kusan kashi 70%. Yanzu da aka daidaita jadawalin kuɗin fito kuma ana sa ran za a samu hauhawar farashin kasuwa, kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa na ƙoƙarin daidaita asarar da suka yi a baya tare da daidaita ribar da aka samu ta hanyar haɓaka farashi.
2. Kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya ita kanta tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, kamar karuwar cunkoso a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Asiya daTurai, Rikicin Bahar Maliya wanda ya haifar da hanyoyin ketare Afirka, da kuma hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, wanda duk ya sa kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa suka kara farashin kayan.
3. Abu da nema ba su daidaita. Abokan ciniki na Amurka sun ba da umarni suna ta ƙaruwa, kuma suna buƙatar sake cika hannun jari cikin gaggawa. Suna kuma nuna damuwa cewa za a samu sauye-sauye a harajin kwastam a nan gaba, don haka bukatar jigilar kayayyaki daga kasar Sin ta fashe cikin kankanin lokaci. Idan da ba a sami guguwar harajin da ta gabata ba, da kayayyakin da aka aika a watan Afrilu sun isa Amurka zuwa yanzu.
Bugu da kari, lokacin da aka fitar da manufar kudin fito a watan Afrilu, yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun tura karfin jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Turai da Latin Amurka. Yanzu buƙatun ya sake dawowa ba zato ba tsammani, ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki ba zai iya biyan buƙatun na ɗan lokaci ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa mai tsanani tsakanin wadata da buƙata, kuma sararin jigilar kayayyaki ya zama mai tsauri.
Ta fuskar sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya, rage harajin haraji ya nuna yadda cinikayyar Sin da Amurka ta canja daga "rikici" zuwa "wasan mulki", da kara kwarin gwiwar kasuwa da daidaita tsarin samar da kayayyaki a duniya. Ɗauki lokacin taga na jujjuyawar jigilar kaya da canza rabe-raben manufofin zuwa gasa mai fa'ida ta hanyar bambance-bambancen hanyoyin dabaru da gina sassauƙan sarkar kayayyaki.
To amma a sa'i daya kuma, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma matsananciyar jigilar kayayyaki a kasuwannin jigilar kayayyaki sun kuma kawo sabbin kalubale ga kamfanonin cinikayyar kasashen waje, da kara tsadar kayayyaki da matsalar sufuri. A halin yanzu,Senghor Logistics kuma yana bin yanayin kasuwa sosai, yana ba abokan ciniki gargaɗin haɗin kai da jigilar kayayyaki da kuma hanyoyin da aka keɓance don jimre tare da sabon al'ada na kasuwancin duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-15-2025
