Bayan rage harajin kaya tsakanin China da Amurka, me ya faru da farashin kaya?
A cewar "Sanarwar Hadin Gwiwa Kan Taron Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki na China da Amurka a Geneva" da aka fitar a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2025, bangarorin biyu sun cimma matsaya mai zuwa:
An rage yawan kuɗin fito sosai:Amurka ta soke kashi 91% na harajin da aka sanya wa kayayyakin China a watan Afrilun 2025, kuma China ta soke harajin da aka saba biya na wannan kaso; don "kudin da aka saba biya na kashi 34%", bangarorin biyu sun dakatar da kashi 24% na karin (wanda ya ci gaba da kashi 10%) na tsawon kwanaki 90.
Wannan gyara harajin ba shakka babban sauyi ne a dangantakar tattalin arziki da cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Amurka. Kwanaki 90 masu zuwa za su zama muhimmin lokaci ga bangarorin biyu don ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma inganta ci gaba da inganta dangantakar tattalin arziki da cinikayya.
To, menene tasirin da ke kan masu shigo da kaya?
1. Rage farashi: Ana sa ran matakin farko na rage harajin zai rage farashin ciniki tsakanin China da Amurka da kashi 12%. A halin yanzu, umarni suna farfadowa a hankali, masana'antun China suna hanzarta samar da kayayyaki, kuma masu shigo da kaya daga Amurka suna sake fara ayyukan.
2. Tsammanin kuɗin fito yana da ƙarfi: ɓangarorin biyu sun kafa wata hanyar tuntuba don rage haɗarin canje-canjen manufofi, kuma kamfanoni za su iya tsara zagayowar sayayya da kasafin kuɗin jigilar kayayyaki daidai gwargwado.
Ƙara koyo:
Matakai nawa ake ɗauka daga masana'anta zuwa wanda aka ɗauka na ƙarshe?
Tasirin da ke kan farashin jigilar kaya bayan rage farashin kaya:
Bayan rage farashin kaya, masu shigo da kaya na iya hanzarta cike gibin kayayyaki don mamaye kasuwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar bukatar sararin jigilar kaya a cikin dan gajeren lokaci, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa sun sanar da karin farashi. Tare da rage farashin kaya, abokan ciniki da suka jira a baya sun fara sanar da mu cewa mu sanya kwantena don jigilar kaya.
Daga sabunta farashin jigilar kaya da kamfanonin jigilar kaya suka yi zuwa Senghor Logistics na rabin na biyu na watan Mayu (15 ga Mayu zuwa 31 ga Mayu, 2025), ya karu da kusan kashi 50% idan aka kwatanta da rabin farko na watan.Amma ba za ta iya tsayayya da guguwar jigilar kaya da ke tafe ba. Kowa yana son amfani da wannan lokacin kwanaki 90 don jigilar kaya, don haka lokacin jigilar kayayyaki zai zo da wuri fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna mayar da ƙarfin jigilar kaya zuwa layin Amurka, kuma sararin ya riga ya yi tsauri. FarashinLayin Amurkaya yi girma sosai, yana ƙara masa ƙarfi'Yan ƙasar KanadakumaKudancin Amurkahanyoyi. Kamar yadda muka annabta, farashin yana da tsada kuma yin rajistar sarari yana da wahala yanzu, kuma muna aiki tukuru don taimaka wa abokan ciniki su sami sarari kowace rana.
Misali, Hapag-Lloyd ya sanar da cewa daga15 ga Mayu, 2025Za a yi amfani da GRI daga Asiya zuwa Yammacin Kudancin Amurka, Gabashin Kudancin Amurka, Mexico, Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean wajen samar da kayayyaki.Dalar Amurka $500 ga kowace akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 20 da kuma Dalar Amurka $1,000 ga kowace akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 40(Farashin Puerto Rico da Tsibirin Virgin na Amurka zai ƙaru daga ranar 5 ga Yuni.)
A ranar 15 ga Mayu, kamfanin jigilar kaya na CMA CGM ya sanar da cewa zai fara cajin ƙarin kuɗin lokacin bazara ga kasuwar Transpacific East daga15 ga Yuni, 2025Hanyar ta fito ne daga dukkan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Asiya (gami da Gabas Mai Nisa) ko kuma ta wuce zuwa dukkan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ake fitarwa a Amurka (banda Hawaii) da Kanada ko kuma wuraren shiga cikin ƙasa ta cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke sama. Kudin ƙarin kuɗin zai kasanceDalar Amurka $3,600 a kowace akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 20 da kuma Dalar Amurka $4,000 a kowace akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 40.
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, Maersk ta sanar da cewa za ta sanya ƙarin kuɗin PSS a lokacin kololuwar yanayi a kan hanyoyin Gabas Mai Nisa zuwa Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean/Kudancin Amurka ta Yammacin Tekun, tare daKarin kuɗin kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 20 na dalar Amurka 1,000 da ƙarin kuɗin kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 na dalar Amurka 2,000Zai fara aiki a ranar 6 ga Yuni, kuma Cuba za ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ga Yuni. A ranar 6 ga Yuni, ƙarin kuɗin daga babban yankin China, Hong Kong, China, da Macau zuwa Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, da Uruguay za a fara aiki.Dalar Amurka $500 ga kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 20 da kuma Dalar Amurka $1,000 ga kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 40, kuma daga Taiwan, China, zai fara aiki daga ranar 21 ga Yuni.
A ranar 27 ga Mayu, Maersk ta sanar da cewa za ta caji ƙarin kaya mai nauyi daga Gabas Mai Nisa zuwa Gabashin Yammacin Kudancin Amurka, Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean daga ranar 5 ga Yuni. Wannan ƙarin kuɗi ne mai nauyi ga kwantena busassu masu tsawon ƙafa 20, da ƙarin kuɗi naDalar Amurka $400za a caji shi idan jimlar nauyin kayan da aka tabbatar (VGM) (> tan 20 na metric) ya wuce ƙa'idar nauyi.
Sakamakon dalilai daban-daban ne ke haifar da hauhawar farashin kamfanonin jigilar kaya.
1. Tsarin "farashin juna" na Amurka da ya gabata ya kawo cikas ga tsarin kasuwa, wanda ya haifar da soke wasu tsare-tsaren jigilar kaya a hanyoyin Arewacin Amurka, raguwar booking a kasuwa, da kuma dakatarwa ko rage wasu hanyoyin zuwa Amurka da kusan kashi 70%. Yanzu da aka daidaita harajin kuma ana sa ran bukatar kasuwa za ta karu, kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna ƙoƙarin rama asarar da suka yi a baya da kuma daidaita riba ta hanyar ƙara farashi.
2. Kasuwar jigilar kaya ta duniya da kanta tana fuskantar ƙalubale da dama, kamar ƙaruwar cunkoso a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Asiya da kumaTurai, rikicin Tekun Bahar Maliya wanda ya haifar da hanyoyin da ke ratsa Afirka, da kuma karuwar farashin kayayyaki, duk wannan ya sa kamfanonin jigilar kaya suka kara yawan jigilar kaya.
3. Kayayyaki da buƙata ba su daidaita ba. Abokan cinikin Amurka sun sanya oda mai yawa, kuma suna cikin gaggawar buƙatar sake cika hannun jari. Suna kuma cikin damuwa cewa za a sami canje-canje a cikin harajin nan gaba, don haka buƙatar jigilar kaya daga China ta yi tashin gwauron zabi cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Da ba a sami guguwar harajin da ta gabata ba, da kayan da aka aika a watan Afrilu sun isa Amurka a yanzu.
Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka fitar da manufar kuɗin fito a watan Afrilu, kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa sun mayar da ƙarfin jigilar su zuwa Turai da Latin Amurka. Yanzu da wannan buƙata ta sake dawowa ba zato ba tsammani, ƙarfin jigilar kaya ba zai iya biyan buƙatar na ɗan lokaci ba, wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da buƙata, kuma sararin jigilar kaya ya yi tsauri sosai.
Daga mahangar sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya, rage harajin da aka sanya a kan kayayyaki ya nuna sauyin ciniki tsakanin China da Amurka daga "rikici" zuwa "wasan mulki", yana kara kwarin gwiwa a kasuwa da kuma daidaita sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya. Yi amfani da lokacin da ake ciki na sauyin kaya da kuma sauya rabon manufofi zuwa fa'idodi na gasa ta hanyar hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki iri-iri da kuma gina sassaukar sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
Amma a lokaci guda, hauhawar farashi da kuma karancin sararin jigilar kaya a kasuwar jigilar kaya sun kuma kawo sabbin kalubale ga kamfanonin cinikayyar waje, lamarin da ya kara farashin kayayyaki da kuma matsalolin sufuri. A halin yanzu,Senghor Logistics kuma tana bin diddigin yanayin kasuwa sosai, tana ba wa abokan ciniki gargaɗi game da haɗin kai tsakanin kuɗin fito da kaya da kuma hanyoyin magance matsalar da aka saba fuskanta don magance sabuwar al'adar cinikayyar duniya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-15-2025
