Imithetho Emisha Yokupakisha ye-EU PPWR
Ngomhlaka-12 Agasti 2026, uMthethonqubo omusha we-EU we-Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR, EU 2025/40) uzoqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele, uqede ngokuqondile i-Packaging Directive 94/62/EC eyayikhona isikhathi eside. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izindinganiso ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe zokuthobela ukupakisha zizoqiniswa kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-27 ze-EU. Konke ukupakisha komkhiqizo okungena emakethe ye-EU kumele kuhambisane ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zomusa noma okuhlukile.
Izidingo ziyaqiniswa kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, zimboza imikhawulo yobuthi bezinto ezibonakalayo, amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha, izilinganiso zokuqukethwe okusetshenziswe kabusha, ukulebula nokuphrinta, kanye nokuvimbela ukupakisha ngokweqile. Imikhiqizo engahambisani nemithetho izokwenqatshelwa ukungena, kanti abaphula umthetho bazobhekana nezinhlawulo ezinkulu kanye nokubuyiswa kwemikhiqizo ngokugcwele.
01 Yimiphi imikhiqizo elawulwa yi-PPWR?
Ukumbozwa okuphelele okungenazo izindawo ezingaboni!Lo mthetho usebenza kuyo yonke imfucuza yokupakisha nokupakisha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani impahla noma isimo, nakuyo yonke imboni nezigaba:
1.Ukupakisha Okuthengiswayo:
Ukupakisha okugoqa ngqo into eyodwa, njengezikhwama zokudla, amabhokisi omakhalekhukhwini anemibala, namabhokisi okupakisha amathoyizi.
2. Ukupakisha Okuqoqiwe:
Ukupakisha okuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ndawonye, njengokugoqa okuncishisiwe kwamabhokisi obisi anamaphakethe ayisithupha kanye namabhokisi ephepha okuhlanganisa ukudla okulula.
3. Ukupakisha Ezokuthutha:
Amabhokisi e-e-commerce express, izikhwama ze-air bubble ezivikelayo, kanye namabhokisi angaphandle e-logistics (ngaphandle kwalawaimithwalo yolwandlefuthiukuthutha ngendizaizitsha).
02 Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokuthobela Imithetho kanye Nezinsuku Zokugcina Ezibalulekile
Xhumana nochwepheshe wethu wezokuthutha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelanaukuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya eYurophu:
03 Ukucwila Ngokujulile Ezigabeni Eziyinhloko
Isigaba 5: Imigqa Ebomvu Yezinto Eziyingozi
1. Imikhawulo ejwayelekile yezinsimbi ezisindayo:Inani eliphelele le-lead, i-cadmium, i-mercury, kanye ne-hexavalent chromium kuzo zonke izingqwembe kumele libe yi-100mg/kg (0.01%) noma ngaphansi.
2. Ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-PFAS emaphaketheni okudla:
1） Noma iyiphi i-PFAS eyodwa engeyona i-polymer kumele ibe ngaphansi kuka-25ppb.
2） Isamba sayo yonke i-PFAS engeyona i-polymer kumele sibe ngaphansi kuka-250ppb.
3） Inani eliphelele le-polymer PFAS kumele libe ngaphansi kuka-50ppm. Uma inani eliphelele le-fluorine lingaphezu kuka-50mg/kg, kudingeka umbiko wokuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine.
3. Izinto Ezikhathazayo (SoC):Akukho uhlu olusemthethweni okwamanje. Okwamanje, ungasebenzisa indinganiso ye-EN 13428:2004 ukuhlola izingozi.
Isihloko 6: Amazinga Okusetshenziswa Kabusha Kwephakheji (Imithetho iba lukhuni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi)
Kusukela ngo-2026, konke ukupakisha okusha kumele kuphinde kusetshenziswe. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kufakwa ku-A, B, noma C:
1) Jan 1, 2030: Kungathengiswa kuphela ukupakisha okunezinga C noma ngaphezulu.
2) Jan 1, 2038: Kungathengiswa kuphela ukupakisha okunezinga A noma B e-EU.
Izinto ezingafakwanga (kufanele zibuyekezwe ngaphambi kuka-2035):
Ukupakisha imithi, ukupakisha kwezokwelapha okubucayi, ukupakisha ukudla okukhethekile kwezinsana, ukupakisha izimpahla eziyingozi, kanye nokupakisha okuthengiswayo okwenziwe ngokhuni olukhanyayo, i-cork, izindwangu, izinto zobumba, noma i-wax.
Isihloko 7: Ama-Target epulasitiki aphinde asetshenziswa adingekayo (Kusukela ngo-2030)
Amaphakheji epulasitiki ahlukene kumele afake iphesenti elibekiwe lezinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa. Imikhiqizo engahlangabezani nalezi zinhloso ayinakuthengiswa:
Ukukhululwa ezintweni ezisetshenziswe kabusha:
Imithi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, amapulasitiki afakwa umquba, ukupakishwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi, ukupakishwa okukhethekile kokudla kwezingane, ukupakishwa lapho izinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa zingathinta ukuphepha kokudla, kanye nezingxenye zepulasitiki ezinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-5%.
Ukuvimbela Ukupakisha Okudlulele: Isikhala Esingenalutho ≤ 50% (Okuphoqelekile kusukela ngo-2030):
Kumabhokisi e-commerce, amasethi ezipho, kanye namabhokisi okuthumela, isikhala esingenalutho (kufaka phakathi ama-filler ephepha noma e-foam) asikwazi ukudlula u-50%. Lokhu kuhlose kakhulu amabhokisi ezipho apakishwe ngokweqile kanye namakhulu kakhulu. Ukupakisha kumele futhi kube lula, kunciphisa isisindo kanye nomthamo kube okungenani okudingekayo ukuvikela umkhiqizo.
I-EPR (Umthwalo Wemfanelo Owengeziwe Womkhiqizi) - Okubalulekile Kwabathumeli Ngaphandle:
1) Konke ukupakisha okuthengiswa e-EU kumele kubhaliswe ku-EPR ezweni lokuthengisa. Abathengisi bemingcele kumele baqoke uMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU ukuze aphathe lokhu.
2) Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2027, ukupakisha kumele kubonise ilebula elizinikele lokuthobela i-EPR ukufakazela ukuthi izimali zokuvuselela sezikhokhiwe.
Isibuyekezo Esiyinhloko Sesistimu Yokulebula (Sizoqala ukusebenza ngo-2028)–2029):
1) Agasti 2028: Izithombe ezihlanganisiwe zezinto zokwakha, amalebula okuqukethwe okusetshenziswe kabusha, kanye nemiyalelo yokuhlunga. Amakhodi e-QR angangezwa ukuze abonise ulwazi lokuqaqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
2) Feb 2029: Ilebula elikhethekile lokupakisha okungasetshenziswa kabusha ukusiza abathengi ukuthi babone kalula imikhiqizo ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
04 Izibopho Eziphoqelekile Zabakhiqizi Nabangenisi (Zombili ziyadingeka)
1. Umkhiqizi (Isigaba 15)
1) Imikhiqizo yokupakisha ehlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso kuphela engathengiswa.
2) Ngaphambi kokuthumela, qedela ukuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho. Kumelwe ukhiphe iSimemezelo Sokuthobela (i-DoC) kanye nesethi ephelele yamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe.
3) Gcina amadokhumenti iminyaka emi-5 ukuze asetshenziswe kanye kuphela, kanye neminyaka eyi-10 ukuze asetshenziswe futhi.
4) Phrinta ikhodi yemodeli/yeqoqo, igama lomkhiqizi, ikheli, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana ephaketheni. Uma ukuphrinta kungenzeki, namathisela idokhumenti yephepha enalolu lwazi.
2. Umthumeli we-EU (Isigaba 18)
Umngenisi ungumuntu wokuqala onesibopho sokuthobela imithetho. Iphakheji yangaphandle kumele ibonise ngokucacile igama lenkampani, ikheli langempela le-EU, kanye ne-imeyili. Uma ukuphrinta kungenzeki, ikhodi ye-QR noma imibhalo esekelayo ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa lolu lwazi.
05 Ingakanani Imiphumela Yokungalandeli Imithetho?
Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Izijeziso zokwephulwa komthetho zifaka:
1) Ukuboshwa kwemikhiqizo ngentela.
2) Ukubuyiswa kweqoqo eligcwele nokususwa emakethe.
3) Izinhlawulo eziphezulu zokuphatha (izwe ngalinye eliyilungu le-EU libeka amazinga alo ezinhlawulo eziphezulu).
4) Ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana noma unomphela kwemikhiqizo yenkampani engena emakethe ye-EU.
5) Ukulimala kwedumela lomkhiqizo, okuzothinta ukubambisana kweziteshi kulo lonke i-EU.
06 Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwamabhizinisi
1)Izinto Zokuhlola Okokuqala:Hlola izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye ne-PFAS kusenesikhathi. Susa noma yiziphi izinto ezidlula imingcele.
2)Kabusha Ukupakisha:Yenza ukupakisha kube kuncane futhi unciphise isikhala esingenalutho. Hlela isilinganiso esiphezulu sokupakisha okungasetshenziswa kabusha.
3)Amalebula Okuthuthukisa:Yakha amalebula amasha ahambisanayo kusenesikhathi. Shiya isikhala sokuphrinta ukuze ugweme ukushintsha konke ukupakisha ngemva kuka-2028.
4)Ukubhaliswa Okuphelele kwe-EU EPR:Sebenza noMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU kusenesikhathi. Qedela ukubhalisa ezweni ngalinye eliyilungu bese uhlela kusenesikhathi isikhathi sokuphrinta ilebula.
5)Amadokhumenti Okulondolozwa Kwengobo Yomlando:Qoqa yonke imibiko yokuhlolwa, izimemezelo ze-DoC, imininingwane yefomula, kanye nobufakazi bokusebenzisa kabusha. Gcina lawa mafayela iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 njengoba kudingeka.
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinsizakalo zokuthutha impahla ezivela eShayina ziya eYurophu, sicela uxhumane nochwepheshe wethu wezokuthutha, u-Icey.
Chofoza ukuze uxhumane:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-17-2026
